Maciel-Vergara Gabriela, Ros Vera I D
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2017 Jul;147:60-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
The use of insects as food for humans or as feed for animals is an alternative for the increasing high demand for meat and has various environmental and social advantages over the traditional intensive production of livestock. Mass rearing of insects, under insect farming conditions or even in industrial settings, can be the key for a change in the way natural resources are utilized in order to produce meat, animal protein and a list of other valuable animal products. However, because insect mass rearing technology is relatively new, little is known about the different factors that determine the quality and yield of the production process. Obtaining such knowledge is crucial for the success of insect-based product development. One of the issues that is likely to compromise the success of insect rearing is the outbreak of insect diseases. In particular, viral diseases can be devastating for the productivity and the quality of mass rearing systems. Prevention and management of viral diseases imply the understanding of the different factors that interact in insect mass rearing. This publication provides an overview of the known viruses in insects most commonly reared for food and feed. Nowadays with large-scale sequencing techniques, new viruses are rapidly being discovered. We discuss factors affecting the emergence of viruses in mass rearing systems, along with virus transmission routes. Finally we provide an overview of the wide range of measures available to prevent and manage virus outbreaks in mass rearing systems, ranging from simple sanitation methods to highly sophisticated methods including RNAi and transgenics.
将昆虫用作人类食物或动物饲料，是应对肉类需求不断增长的一种替代方案，与传统的集约化畜牧生产相比，具有诸多环境和社会优势。在昆虫养殖条件下甚至在工业环境中大规模饲养昆虫，可能是改变自然资源利用方式以生产肉类、动物蛋白及一系列其他有价值动物产品的关键。然而，由于昆虫大规模饲养技术相对较新，对于决定生产过程质量和产量的不同因素知之甚少。获取此类知识对于基于昆虫的产品开发成功至关重要。可能危及昆虫饲养成功的问题之一是昆虫疾病的爆发。特别是病毒性疾病，可能对大规模饲养系统的生产力和质量造成毁灭性影响。病毒性疾病的预防和管理意味着要了解在昆虫大规模饲养中相互作用的不同因素。本出版物概述了最常用于食品和饲料的昆虫中已知的病毒。如今，随着大规模测序技术的发展，新病毒正迅速被发现。我们讨论了影响大规模饲养系统中病毒出现的因素以及病毒传播途径。最后，我们概述了一系列可用于预防和管理大规模饲养系统中病毒爆发的措施，从简单的卫生方法到包括RNA干扰和转基因在内的高度复杂的方法。
