Li Yan, Berenson Julia, Moran Andrew E, Pagán José A
Center for Health Innovation, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Center for Health Innovation, The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Prev Med. 2017 Jun;99:77-79. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.017. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
Excessive sodium intake is linked to an increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although health care providers and other health professionals frequently provide counseling on healthful levels of sodium consumption, many people who consume sodium in excess of recommend levels still do not watch or reduce their sodium intake. In this study, we used a population segmentation approach to identify profiles of adults who are not watching or reducing their sodium intake despite been advised to do so. We analyzed sodium intake data in 125,764 respondents sampled in 15 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to identify and segment adults into subgroups according to differences in sodium intake behaviors. We found that about 16% of adults did not watch or reduce their sodium intake despite been told to do so by a health professional. This proportion varied substantially across the 25 different population subgroups identified. For example, about 44% of adults 18 to 44years of age who live in West Virginia were not reducing their sodium intake whereas only about 7.2% of black adults 65years of age and older with diabetes were not reducing their sodium intake. Population segmentation identifies subpopulations most likely to benefit from targeted and intensive public health and clinical interventions. In the case of sodium consumption, population segmentation can guide public health practitioners and policymakers to design programs and interventions that change sodium intake in people who are resistant to behavior change.
过量摄入钠与高血压和心血管疾病风险增加有关。尽管医疗保健提供者和其他健康专业人员经常就健康的钠摄入量提供咨询，但许多钠摄入量超过推荐水平的人仍然不关注或不减少钠的摄入量。在本研究中，我们采用人群细分方法来识别那些尽管已被建议但仍不关注或不减少钠摄入量的成年人特征。我们通过行为危险因素监测系统分析了在15个州、哥伦比亚特区和波多黎各抽样的125,764名受访者的钠摄入量数据，以根据钠摄入行为的差异将成年人识别并细分为不同亚组。我们发现，约16%的成年人尽管已被健康专业人员告知要这样做，但仍不关注或不减少钠的摄入量。在确定的25个不同人群亚组中，这一比例差异很大。例如，居住在西弗吉尼亚州的18至44岁成年人中约44%没有减少钠的摄入量，而65岁及以上患有糖尿病的黑人成年人中只有约7.2%没有减少钠的摄入量。人群细分可识别出最有可能从有针对性的强化公共卫生和临床干预中受益的亚人群。就钠的消费而言，人群细分可以指导公共卫生从业者和政策制定者设计项目和干预措施，以改变那些抗拒行为改变的人的钠摄入量。
