Va Puthiery, Luncheon Cecily, Thompson-Paul Angela M, Fang Jing, Merritt Robert, Cogswell Mary E
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Feb 23;67(7):225-229. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6707a5.
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor (1,2). Advice given by health professionals can result in lower sodium intake and lower blood pressure (3).The 2017 Hypertension Guideline released by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association emphasizes nonpharmacologic approaches, including sodium reduction, as important components of hypertension prevention and treatment (4). Data from 50,576 participants in the sodium module of the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in nine states and Puerto Rico were analyzed to determine the prevalence of reported sodium reduction advice and action among participants with and without self-reported hypertension. Among participants with self-reported hypertension, adjusted prevalence of receiving sodium reduction advice from a health professional was 41.9%, compared with 12.8% among participants without hypertension. Among those with hypertension, adjusted prevalence of reported action to reduce sodium intake was 80.9% among participants who received advice and 55.7% among those who did not receive advice. Among participants without hypertension, adjusted prevalence of taking action to reduce sodium intake was 72.7% among those who received advice and 46.9% among those who did not receive advice. The provision of advice on sodium reduction by health professionals is associated with respondent action to watch or reduce sodium intake. Fewer than half of patients with hypertension received this advice from their health professionals, a circumstance that represents a substantial missed opportunity to promote hypertension prevention and treatment.
高血压是主要的心血管疾病风险因素（1,2）。健康专业人员提供的建议可使钠摄入量降低，血压下降（3）。美国心脏病学会和美国心脏协会发布的《2017年高血压指南》强调非药物治疗方法，包括减少钠摄入，是高血压预防和治疗的重要组成部分（4）。对来自九个州和波多黎各的2015年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）钠模块中50576名参与者的数据进行了分析，以确定在有和没有自我报告高血压的参与者中，报告的减少钠摄入建议及行动的患病率。在自我报告患有高血压的参与者中，从健康专业人员处获得减少钠摄入建议的校正患病率为41.9%，而在没有高血压的参与者中这一比例为12.8%。在患有高血压的参与者中，在接受建议的参与者中，报告采取行动减少钠摄入的校正患病率为80.9%，在未接受建议的参与者中为55.7%。在没有高血压的参与者中，在接受建议的参与者中，采取行动减少钠摄入的校正患病率为72.7%，在未接受建议的参与者中为46.9%。健康专业人员提供减少钠摄入的建议与受访者关注或减少钠摄入的行动相关。不到一半的高血压患者从其健康专业人员那里获得了这一建议，这种情况意味着在促进高血压预防和治疗方面存在大量错失的机会。
