Fukuda Sayuri, Tanaka Yurika, Harada Kiyomi, Saruwatari Ayako, Kitaoka Kaori, Odani Kiyoko, Aoi Wataru, Wada Sayori, Nishi Yukari, Oguni Tatsuya, Asano Hiroaki, Hagiwara Nobuko, Higashi Akane
Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2017 Feb;241(2):117-123. doi: 10.1620/tjem.241.117.
In Japan, the percentage of leanness has been increasing in young women, and the percentage of low birth weight infants (< 2,500 g) has increased. Moreover, the average age of primiparas rose 3.5 years during the last 30 years. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between maternal age and the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy physique on the neonatal physique of infants. Questionnaires were issued to the participants and collected when they submitted their gestational notifications at their local ward office in Kyoto Prefecture. After delivery, we obtained information on the course of the pregnancy and the neonatal physique of the infants from the participant's maternal passbooks. A total of 454 mothers (age 20 ≥) were analyzed: 161 young mothers (aged 20 to 29 years), 185 mothers (aged 30 to 34 years), and 108 older mothers (age ≥ 35). Overall, the mean rate of leanness (pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5) was 23.8%. We found that birth weight was significantly lower in female infants, born to lean young mothers, compared to non-lean young mothers, whereas no significant difference was detected in other mothers (age ≥ 30), irrespective of pre-pregnancy BMI. By contrast, male infants, born to older lean mothers (age ≥ 35), showed significantly lower birth weight. Thus, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI exerts differential effects on the fetal growth (neonatal physique), depending on the maternal age and the sex of infants. We need to improve BMI in pre-pregnancy women, especially those in the twenties and 35 years old or over.
在日本，年轻女性的消瘦率一直在上升，低体重婴儿（<2500克）的比例也有所增加。此外，初产妇的平均年龄在过去30年中上升了3.5岁。本研究的目的是阐明母亲年龄与母亲孕前体质对婴儿新生儿体质的影响之间的关系。我们向参与者发放了问卷，并在他们向京都府当地 ward 办公室提交妊娠通知时进行收集。分娩后，我们从参与者的母亲存折中获取了妊娠过程和婴儿新生儿体质的信息。总共分析了454名母亲（年龄≥20岁）：161名年轻母亲（年龄在20至29岁之间），185名母亲（年龄在30至34岁之间），以及108名年长母亲（年龄≥35岁）。总体而言，消瘦率（孕前BMI<18.5）的平均比例为23.8%。我们发现，与非消瘦的年轻母亲相比，消瘦的年轻母亲所生的女婴出生体重显著更低，而在其他母亲（年龄≥30岁）中，无论孕前BMI如何，均未检测到显著差异。相比之下，年长的消瘦母亲（年龄≥35岁）所生的男婴出生体重显著更低。因此，母亲孕前BMI对胎儿生长（新生儿体质）的影响因母亲年龄和婴儿性别而异。我们需要提高孕前女性的BMI，尤其是二十多岁以及35岁及以上的女性。
