Rakocevic Jelena, Orlic Dejan, Mitrovic-Ajtic Olivera, Tomasevic Miloje, Dobric Milan, Zlatic Natasa, Milasinovic Dejan, Stankovic Goran, Ostojić Miodrag, Labudovic-Borovic Milica
Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 26 Visegradska Street, Belgrade, Serbia.
Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia.
Exp Mol Pathol. 2017 Apr;102(2):303-313. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Endothelial cell markers are membrane-bound or cytoplasmic molecules expressed by endothelial cells, which help their easier identification and discrimination from other cell types. During vasculogenesis, endothelial cells differentiate from hemangioblasts to form new blood vessels. With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and their ability to form new blood vessels, the term vasculogenesis is not only reserved for the embryonic development. Possibility of de novo blood vessel formation from EPC is now widely explored in different ischemic conditions, especially in cardiovascular medicine. Numerous clinical trials have tested enhancing tissue vascularization by delivering hematopoietic cells that expressed endothelial markers. This therapeutic approach proved to be challenging and promising, particularly for patients who have exhausted all conventional therapeutic modalities. Angiogenesis, which refers to the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is indispensable process during tumor progression and metastasis. Blockage of tumor angiogenesis by targeting and inhibiting endothelial cell has emerged as novel safe and efficacious method to control many advanced malignant diseases. Numerous clinical studies are currently testing new antiangiogenic drugs which target and inhibit endothelial cell markers, receptors or molecules which transmit receptor-mediated signals, therefore inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration and vascular tube formation. Many of these drugs are now widely used in clinical settings as first- or second-line chemotherapy in advanced malignant conditions. So far, these therapeutic approaches gave modest, yet encouraging clinical improvements, prolonging survival and improving functional capacity and quality of life for many terminally ill patients. Here we present the most commonly used endothelial cell markers along with their applicability in contemporary clinical practice.
内皮细胞标志物是内皮细胞表达的膜结合或细胞质分子，有助于更轻松地将它们与其他细胞类型区分开来。在血管生成过程中，内皮细胞从成血管细胞分化形成新的血管。随着内皮祖细胞（EPC）的发现及其形成新血管的能力，血管生成这一术语不再仅用于胚胎发育。目前在不同的缺血性疾病中，尤其是在心血管医学领域，广泛探索了EPC形成新生血管的可能性。许多临床试验通过输送表达内皮标志物的造血细胞来测试增强组织血管化的方法。事实证明，这种治疗方法具有挑战性但前景广阔，对于那些已用尽所有传统治疗方式的患者而言尤为如此。血管生成是指从现有脉管系统形成新血管的过程，是肿瘤进展和转移过程中不可或缺的环节。通过靶向和抑制内皮细胞来阻断肿瘤血管生成已成为控制许多晚期恶性疾病的一种新型安全有效的方法。目前许多临床研究正在测试新的抗血管生成药物，这些药物靶向并抑制内皮细胞标志物、受体或传递受体介导信号的分子，从而抑制内皮细胞增殖、迁移和血管管形成。其中许多药物现已在临床环境中广泛用作晚期恶性疾病的一线或二线化疗药物。到目前为止，这些治疗方法已取得了一定的、但令人鼓舞的临床改善，延长了许多绝症患者的生存期，提高了他们的功能能力和生活质量。在此，我们介绍最常用的内皮细胞标志物及其在当代临床实践中的适用性。
