Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya.
Brown University.
J Pers. 2018 Apr;86(2):233-246. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12308. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
People believe that they can respond effectively to threats, but actually they experience difficulties in disengaging from ongoing tasks and shifting their attention to life-threatening events. We contend that this tendency is especially true for secure people with respect to their worldview and perception of others and not for insecure individuals.
In Study 1 (N = 290), we examined individuals' reactions to various threat scenarios. In Study 2 (N = 65), we examined these reactions using a behavioral design high in ecological validity. In Study 3 (N = 78), we examined group-level benefits for the actions of insecure individuals by manipulating asocial behavior in response to an emergency.
Study 1 indicated that anxiously attached individuals stayed away from threats and sought help; avoidant people tended to take action by either assessing the risk of the event and/or enacting an asocial action such as fight or flight. Study 2 added ecological validity to these findings, and Study 3 showed that priming asocial behavior responses promoted actions that increased group members' chances of survival.
Results validate the central tenets of social defense theory and indicate that actions that are deemed asocial may paradoxically promote the survival of individuals and groups.
人们认为自己能够有效地应对威胁，但实际上他们在从正在进行的任务中解脱出来并将注意力转移到威胁生命的事件上时会遇到困难。我们认为，对于安全型个体来说，这种倾向尤其适用于他们的世界观和对他人的看法，而不适用于不安全型个体。
在研究 1（N=290）中，我们研究了个体对各种威胁场景的反应。在研究 2（N=65）中，我们使用高度生态有效性的行为设计来检验这些反应。在研究 3（N=78）中，我们通过操纵对紧急情况的非社会行为来检验不安全个体行为的群体层面收益。
研究 1表明，焦虑型依恋的个体远离威胁并寻求帮助；回避型的人则倾向于通过评估事件的风险和/或采取诸如战斗或逃跑等非社会行为来采取行动。研究 2为这些发现增加了生态有效性，研究 3表明，触发非社会行为反应会促进增加群体成员生存机会的行动。
研究结果验证了社会防御理论的核心原则，并表明被视为非社会的行为可能会反过来促进个体和群体的生存。
