Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, School of Psychology Herzliya, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2014 Dec 10;5:1452. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01452. eCollection 2014.
Bowlby's (1982) attachment theory has generated an enormous body of research and conceptual elaborations. Although attachment theory and research propose that attachment security provides a person with many adaptive advantages, during all phases of the life cycle, numerous studies indicate that almost half of the human species can be classified as insecurely attached or insecure with respect to attachment. It seems odd that evolution left humans in this vulnerable position, unless there are some advantages to individuals or groups, under at least some conditions, of anxious and avoidant attachment styles. I argue that a social group containing members with different attachment patterns may be more conducive to survival than a homogeneous group of securely attached individuals because each attachment disposition has specific adaptive advantages that promote the survival of the individual and people around him or her when facing threats and perils. In making this argument, I extend the scope of attachment theory and research by considering a broader range of adaptive functions of insecure attachment strategies, and present data to support my argument.
鲍尔比（1982）的依恋理论产生了大量的研究和概念阐述。尽管依恋理论和研究表明，依恋安全性为一个人提供了许多适应性优势，在生命周期的所有阶段，但许多研究表明，几乎一半的人类可以被归类为不安全依恋或不安全依恋。如果对于个人或群体来说，在某些情况下，焦虑和回避依恋风格至少有一些优势，那么进化将人类置于这种脆弱的位置似乎很奇怪。我认为，一个包含不同依恋模式成员的社会群体可能比一个由安全依恋个体组成的同质群体更有利于生存，因为每种依恋倾向都具有特定的适应性优势，当面临威胁和危险时，这些优势可以促进个体及其周围人的生存。在提出这个论点时，我通过考虑不安全依恋策略的更广泛的适应功能来扩展依恋理论和研究的范围，并提供数据来支持我的论点。
