Dhananjayan Indumathi, Kathiroli Sujithra, Subramani Srinivasan, Veerasamy Vinothkumar
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidhambaram, 608 002 Tamilnadu, India.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidhambaram, 608 002 Tamilnadu, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Apr;88:1069-1079. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.146. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
Betanin, a chromoalkaloid of beetroot, has shown significant biological effects of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. So, we attempted to determine whether betanin (a natural pigment) would be protective against hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ) - nicotinamide (NA) induced diabetic rats. Rats were injected with STZ (40mg/kgb.w.) 15 mins after the administration of NA (110mg/kgb.w.) by intraperitonially (i.p.) 30days for the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus. After 72h diabetic rats were treated with betanin orally at a doses of 10, 20 and 40mg/kg b.w., respectively in a dose dependent manner and glibenclamide (600μg/kgb.w.). The promising character of betanin against diabetic rats was evaluated by performing the various biochemical parameters and histomorphological changes in liver and pancreas. Among the three doses, 20mg/kgb.w. of betanin was able to positively regulate plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels by significantly increasing the activity of glycolytic enzyme (glucokinase and pyruvate kinase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and significantly decreasing the activity of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) thereby increasing the glycogen content in the liver. We put forward that betanin could significantly restore the levels of carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes to near normal in diabetic rat. Immunohistochemical observation of pancreas revealed that betanin treated diabetic rats showed increased insulin immunoreactive β-cells, which confirmed the biochemical findings. Taken together, present study suggests that betanin modulates the carbohydrate metabolism and has beneficial effects in glucose homeostasis.
甜菜红素是甜菜根中的一种色生物碱，已显示出抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌等显著的生物学效应。因此，我们试图确定甜菜红素（一种天然色素）是否能对链脲佐菌素（STZ）-烟酰胺（NA）诱导的糖尿病大鼠的高血糖起到保护作用。在腹腔注射NA（110mg/kg体重）15分钟后，腹腔注射STZ（40mg/kg体重），连续30天以诱导实验性糖尿病。72小时后，糖尿病大鼠分别以10、20和40mg/kg体重的剂量口服甜菜红素，呈剂量依赖性，同时给予格列本脲（600μg/kg体重）。通过检测肝脏和胰腺的各种生化参数以及组织形态学变化，评估甜菜红素对糖尿病大鼠的潜在作用。在这三个剂量中，20mg/kg体重的甜菜红素能够通过显著提高糖酵解酶（葡萄糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的活性，以及显著降低糖异生酶（葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶）的活性，从而正向调节血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白（HbA）和血红蛋白（Hb）水平，进而增加肝脏中的糖原含量。我们提出，甜菜红素可以使糖尿病大鼠体内碳水化合物代谢关键酶的水平显著恢复至接近正常。胰腺的免疫组织化学观察显示，经甜菜红素治疗的糖尿病大鼠胰岛素免疫反应性β细胞增多，这证实了生化研究结果。综上所述，本研究表明甜菜红素可调节碳水化合物代谢，并对葡萄糖稳态具有有益作用。
