Bedini Stefano, Flamini Guido, Cosci Francesca, Ascrizzi Roberta, Echeverria Maria Cristina, Guidi Lucia, Landi Marco, Lucchi Andrea, Conti Barbara
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Feb 13;10(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2006-y.
Synanthropic flies play a considerable role in the transmission of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. In this work, the essential oil (EO) of two aromatic plants, Artemisia annua and Artemisia dracunculus, were evaluated for their abilities to control the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Artemisia annua and A. dracunculus EOs were extracted, analysed and tested in laboratory bioassays. Besides, the physiology of EOs toxicity and the EOs antibacterial and antifungal properties were evaluated.
Both Artemisia EOs deterred C. vomitoria oviposition on fresh beef meat. At 0.05 μl cm A. dracunculus EO completely inhibited C. vomitoria oviposition. Toxicity tests, by contact, showed LD of 0.49 and 0.79 μl EO per fly for A. dracunculus and A. annua, respectively. By fumigation, LC values were 49.55 and 88.09 μl l air for A. dracunculus and A. annua, respectively. EOs AChE inhibition in C. vomitoria (IC = 202.6 and 472.4 mg l, respectively, for A. dracunculus and A. annua) indicated that insect neural sites are targeted by the EOs toxicity. Finally, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the two Artemisia EOs may assist in the reduction of transmission of microbial infections/contaminations.
Results suggest that Artemisia EOs could be of use in the control of C. vomitoria, a common vector of pathogenic microorganisms and agent of human and animal cutaneous myiasis. The prevention of pathogenic and parasitic infections is a priority for human and animal health. The Artemisia EOs could represent an eco-friendly, low-cost alternative to synthetic repellents and insecticides to fight synanthropic disease-carrying blowflies.
伴人蝇在致病和非致病微生物的传播中起着重要作用。在本研究中，对两种芳香植物青蒿和龙蒿的精油控制绿头丽蝇的能力进行了评估。提取了青蒿和龙蒿的精油，进行了分析并在实验室生物测定中进行了测试。此外，还评估了精油毒性的生理学以及精油的抗菌和抗真菌特性。
两种蒿属植物精油均能阻止绿头丽蝇在新鲜牛肉上产卵。在0.05 μl/cm时，龙蒿精油完全抑制绿头丽蝇产卵。接触毒性试验表明，龙蒿和青蒿精油对每只苍蝇的致死剂量分别为0.49和0.79 μl。通过熏蒸，龙蒿和青蒿精油的半数致死浓度分别为49.55和88.09 μl/l空气。绿头丽蝇中精油对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用（龙蒿和青蒿的半数抑制浓度分别为202.6和472.4 mg/l）表明昆虫神经部位是精油毒性的作用靶点。最后，两种蒿属植物精油的抗菌和抗真菌活性可能有助于减少微生物感染/污染的传播。
结果表明，蒿属植物精油可用于控制绿头丽蝇，绿头丽蝇是致病微生物的常见传播媒介以及人和动物皮肤蝇蛆病的病原体。预防致病和寄生虫感染是人类和动物健康的首要任务。蒿属植物精油可能是一种生态友好、低成本的替代品，可替代合成驱虫剂和杀虫剂来对抗携带疾病的伴人蝇。
