Farina Priscilla, Pisuttu Claudia, Tani Camilla, Bedini Stefano, Nali Cristina, Landi Marco, Lauria Giulia, Conti Barbara, Pellegrini Elisa
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Nutrafood, Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Insects. 2024 Jun 28;15(7):482. doi: 10.3390/insects15070482.
As there has been no scientific evidence of the bioactivity of (Adoxaceae) extracts against insects, we chemically characterized leaves and flowers extracted in methanol and water. The crude extracts, phenolic compounds, and amino acids isolated were tested as larvicides against the fourth-instar larvae of and (Diptera: Culicidae). To understand their mode of action, we evaluated the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor effect of the crude extracts on the two mosquito larvae through a colorimetric method. Furthermore, the deterrent effect of the crude extracts against ovipositing females was assessed in the open field. Twelve phenylpropanoids and fourteen amino acids were detected in the extracts, with a prevalence of hydroxycinnamic acids and nonaromatic amino acids. The most toxic compound to larvae after 24 h was gallic acid, followed by the crude leaf extract; on , it was the crude flower extract. The AChE test showed higher inhibition on both mosquito species exerted by the leaf extract if compared to the flower extract, and it also deterred oviposition by females starting from the third day. The results indicated that vegetal extracts could effectively help in the integrated vector management of mosquitoes.
由于尚无科学证据表明五福花科提取物对昆虫具有生物活性，我们对用甲醇和水提取的五福花科植物的叶子和花朵进行了化学表征。对分离得到的粗提物、酚类化合物和氨基酸进行了测试，以评估其对致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）四龄幼虫的杀幼虫活性。为了解其作用方式，我们通过比色法评估了粗提物对两种蚊虫幼虫的体外乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制作用。此外，还在野外评估了粗提物对致倦库蚊雌蚊产卵的驱避作用。提取物中检测到12种苯丙素类化合物和14种氨基酸，其中以羟基肉桂酸和非芳香族氨基酸为主。24小时后，对致倦库蚊幼虫毒性最大的化合物是没食子酸，其次是五福花科植物叶子的粗提物；对白纹伊蚊幼虫毒性最大的是花朵粗提物。AChE测试表明，与花朵提取物相比，叶子提取物对两种蚊虫的抑制作用更强，并且从第三天开始就对白纹伊蚊雌蚊产卵有驱避作用。结果表明，植物提取物可有效助力蚊虫的综合病媒管理。
