Carson Valerie, Kuzik Nicholas
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Feb 13;17(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4125-y.
Determining the most important demographic correlates of sedentary behavior and physical activity will help identify the groups of children that are most in need of intervention. Little is known in regards to the demographic correlates of sedentary behavior and physical activity in toddlers (aged 12-35 months), where long-term behavioral patterns may initially be formed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the associations between demographic correlates and specific types of sedentary behavior and physical activity in this age group.
Findings are based on 149 toddlers (19.0 ± 1.9 months) and their parents (33.7 ± 4.7 years) recruited from immunization clinics in Edmonton, Canada as part of the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behavior habits (PREPS) project. Toddlers' and parental demographic characteristics and toddlers' television viewing, video/computer games, and overall screen time were measured via the PREPS parental questionnaire. Toddlers' objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity (light, moderate to vigorous, and total) were accelerometer-derived using Actigraph wGT3X-BT monitors. Simple and multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine associations.
In the multiple linear regression models, toddlers' age, toddlers' sex (female versus male), toddlers' race/ethnicity (other versus European-Canadian/Caucasian), and household income ($50,001 to $100,000 versus > $100,000) were significantly positively associated, and main type of child care (child care center versus parental care) was significantly negatively associated with screen time. Similar findings were observed with television viewing, except null associations were observed for toddlers' sex. Toddlers' race/ethnicity (other versus European-Canadian/Caucasian) was significantly positively associated and main type of child care (child care center, day home, other versus parental care) was significantly negatively associated with video/computer games. Toddlers' sex (female versus male) was significantly positively associated with sedentary time and significantly negatively associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity.
Female toddlers, toddlers from ethnic minority groups, toddlers from families of lower income, and toddlers whose main type of child care is not center-based may be important targets for screen time interventions in toddlers. Apart from sex, demographic correlates may not be important targets for objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity in toddlers.
确定久坐行为和身体活动最重要的人口统计学相关因素，将有助于识别最需要干预的儿童群体。对于幼儿（12至35个月大）久坐行为和身体活动的人口统计学相关因素，人们了解甚少，而长期行为模式可能正是在这个阶段初步形成。因此，本研究的目的是探讨该年龄组人口统计学相关因素与特定类型久坐行为和身体活动之间的关联。
研究结果基于从加拿大埃德蒙顿的免疫诊所招募的149名幼儿（19.0 ± 1.9个月）及其父母（33.7 ± 4.7岁），这是“父母在建立健康身体活动和久坐行为习惯中的作用”（PREPS）项目的一部分。通过PREPS父母问卷测量幼儿和父母的人口统计学特征，以及幼儿看电视、玩视频/电脑游戏和总的屏幕时间。使用Actigraph wGT3X - BT监测仪通过加速度计测量幼儿客观的久坐时间和身体活动（轻度、中度至剧烈以及总活动量）。进行简单和多元线性回归模型以检验关联。
在多元线性回归模型中，幼儿年龄、幼儿性别（女性与男性）、幼儿种族/民族（其他与欧洲裔加拿大/白种人）以及家庭收入（50,001至100,000美元与超过100,000美元）呈显著正相关，主要儿童保育类型（儿童保育中心与父母照料）与屏幕时间呈显著负相关。看电视方面观察到类似结果，但幼儿性别无关联。幼儿种族/民族（其他与欧洲裔加拿大/白种人）与玩视频/电脑游戏呈显著正相关，主要儿童保育类型（儿童保育中心、日托家庭、其他与父母照料）与玩视频/电脑游戏呈显著负相关。幼儿性别（女性与男性）与久坐时间呈显著正相关，与中度至剧烈强度身体活动呈显著负相关。
女幼儿、少数族裔幼儿、低收入家庭幼儿以及主要儿童保育类型不是以中心为基础的幼儿，可能是幼儿屏幕时间干预的重要目标群体。除性别外，人口统计学相关因素可能不是幼儿客观测量的久坐时间和身体活动的重要干预目标。
