Riggs G G, Cissell Derek D, Arzi Boaz, Hatcher David C, Kass Philip H, Zhen Amy, Verstraete Frank J M
Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, William Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA , USA.
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA , USA.
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Jan 30;4:5. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00005. eCollection 2017.
Domestic rabbits are increasing in popularity as household pets; therefore, veterinarians need to be familiar with the most common diseases afflicting rabbits including dental disease. Current diagnostic approaches include gross oral examination, endoscopic oral examination, skull radiography, and computed tomography (CT). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), a new oral and maxillofacial imaging modality that has the capability to produce high-resolution images, has not yet been described for use in evaluating dental disease in rabbits. A total of 15 client-owned rabbits had CBCT, oral examination, dental charting, and dental treatment performed under general anesthesia. Images were evaluated using transverse and custom multiplanar (MPR), 3D, and panoramic reconstructed images. The CBCT findings were grouped into abnormalities that could be detected on conscious oral examination vs. abnormalities that could not be detected by conscious oral examination. Potential associations between the two categories were examined by pairwise Fisher's exact test with statistical significance determined by < 0.05. The most common findings identified on CBCT images were periodontal ligament space widening (14/15), premolar and molar malocclusion (13/15), apical elongation (13/15), coronal elongation (12/15), inflammatory tooth resorption (12/15), periapical lucency (11/15), moth-eaten pattern of osteolysis of the alveolar bone (9/15), ventral mandibular border contour changes (9/15), and missing teeth (8/15). Of the CBCT abnormalities likely to be observed on oral examination, coronal elongation (detectable on oral examination) was significantly associated with apical elongation ( = 0.029). There were no other significant associations between CBCT findings that are also clinically detectable and CBCT findings that are not be detectable on oral examination. This suggests that pathology often exists that is not apparent upon oral examination. This study establishes the common CBCT findings associated with dental disease in rabbits and demonstrates the feasibility of this technology to diagnose and plan treatment in dental disorders in this species.
家兔作为家庭宠物越来越受欢迎；因此，兽医需要熟悉困扰兔子的最常见疾病，包括牙科疾病。目前的诊断方法包括口腔大体检查、口腔内镜检查、颅骨X线摄影和计算机断层扫描（CT）。锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）是一种新型口腔颌面成像方式，能够产生高分辨率图像，尚未见用于评估兔牙科疾病的报道。共有15只客户拥有的兔子在全身麻醉下接受了CBCT、口腔检查、牙列记录和牙科治疗。使用横断面和定制多平面（MPR）、三维（3D）和全景重建图像对图像进行评估。CBCT检查结果分为可通过清醒口腔检查检测到的异常和无法通过清醒口腔检查检测到的异常。通过配对Fisher精确检验检查这两类异常之间的潜在关联，以P < 0.05确定统计学显著性。CBCT图像上最常见的表现为牙周膜间隙增宽（14/15）、前磨牙和磨牙错牙合（13/15）、根尖延长（13/15）、冠部延长（12/15）、炎性牙吸收（12/15）、根尖周透亮区（11/15）、牙槽骨虫蚀状骨质溶解模式（9/15）、下颌腹侧边缘轮廓改变（9/15）和牙齿缺失（8/15）。在口腔检查中可能观察到的CBCT异常中，冠部延长（可在口腔检查中检测到）与根尖延长显著相关（P = 0.029）。在临床上可检测到的CBCT表现与口腔检查中无法检测到的CBCT表现之间没有其他显著关联。这表明通常存在口腔检查时不明显的病变。本研究确定了与兔牙科疾病相关的常见CBCT表现，并证明了该技术在诊断和规划该物种牙科疾病治疗方面的可行性。
