Crăciun Smaranda, Nadăş George Cosmin
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 7;15(13):1994. doi: 10.3390/ani15131994.
Odontogenic abscesses are a frequent and challenging clinical issue in pet rabbits, often requiring a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This review collates current evidence on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of rabbit odontogenic abscesses, with a focus on imaging advances, microbial diversity, and local antimicrobial therapies. Predisposing factors include congenital conformation, inappropriate diet (insufficient abrasiveness, calcium or Vit D deficiencies, etc.), trauma, and neoplasia. Imaging techniques such as CT and cone-beam CT (CBCT) enable early detection and surgical planning, while traditional radiography remains useful in general practice. Treatment includes systemic antibiotics, surgical curettage, and the use of localized delivery systems such as antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (AIPMMA) beads. Adjunctive therapies like Manuka honey are also discussed. Two original heatmaps summarize bacterial prevalence and antimicrobial resistance from six peer-reviewed studies. These visualizations highlight the polymicrobial nature of these infections and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Preventive strategies focus on optimal diet, regular dental checks, and owner education. The review also identifies key gaps in the literature, including the underreporting of anaerobes and lack of standardized treatment protocols. This article aims to support veterinary professionals in delivering evidence-based, individualized care to improve outcomes in rabbits with odontogenic abscesses.
牙源性脓肿是宠物兔常见且具有挑战性的临床问题，通常需要综合的诊断和治疗方法。本综述整理了有关兔牙源性脓肿病因、诊断和治疗的当前证据，重点关注影像学进展、微生物多样性和局部抗菌治疗。诱发因素包括先天性结构、不当饮食（研磨性不足、钙或维生素D缺乏等）、创伤和肿瘤形成。CT和锥形束CT（CBCT）等成像技术能够实现早期检测和手术规划，而传统X线摄影在一般临床实践中仍有用处。治疗包括全身使用抗生素、手术刮除以及使用局部给药系统，如含抗生素的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（AIPMMA）珠。还讨论了诸如麦卢卡蜂蜜等辅助疗法。两张原创热图总结了六项同行评审研究中的细菌流行情况和抗菌耐药性。这些可视化结果突出了这些感染的多微生物性质以及多重耐药菌株的出现。预防策略侧重于优化饮食、定期口腔检查和对主人进行教育。该综述还指出了文献中的关键空白，包括厌氧菌报告不足以及缺乏标准化治疗方案。本文旨在支持兽医专业人员提供基于证据的个性化护理，以改善患有牙源性脓肿的兔的治疗效果。
