Clozato Camila L, Miranda Flávia R, Lara-Ruiz Paula, Collevatti Rosane G, Santos Fabrício R
Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Projeto Tamanduá, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2017 Jan-Mar;40(1):50-60. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2016-0104. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Pilosa, Linnaeus 1758) belongs to the mammalian order Pilosa and presents a large distribution along South America, occupying a great variety of habitats. It is listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened species as Vulnerable. Despite threatened, there is a lack of studies regarding its genetic variability. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and patterns of genetic structure within remaining populations. We analyzed 77 individuals from seven different populations distributed in four biomes across Brazil: Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest and Amazon Forest. We sequenced two mitochondrial markers (control region and Cyt-b) and two nuclear markers (AMELY and RAG2). We found high genetic diversity within subpopulations from National Parks of Serra da Canastra and Emas, both within the Cerrado biome, with signs of population expansion. Besides, we found a notable population structure between populations from the Cerrado/Pantanal and Amazon Forest biomes. This data is a major contribution to the knowledge of the evolutionary history of the species and to future management actions concerning its conservation.
大食蚁兽（Myrmecophaga tridactyla，披毛目，林奈1758年）属于披毛目哺乳动物，在南美洲分布广泛，占据多种栖息地。它在世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）濒危物种红色名录中被列为易危物种。尽管面临威胁，但关于其遗传变异性的研究却很匮乏。本研究的目的是调查剩余种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构模式。我们分析了来自巴西四个生物群落中七个不同种群的77个个体：塞拉多、潘塔纳尔湿地、大西洋森林和亚马逊森林。我们对两个线粒体标记（控制区和细胞色素b）和两个核标记（AMELY和RAG2）进行了测序。我们发现，塞拉达卡纳斯特拉国家公园和埃马斯国家公园的亚种群内具有较高的遗传多样性，这两个公园都位于塞拉多生物群落内，且有种群扩张的迹象。此外，我们发现塞拉多/潘塔纳尔湿地生物群落和亚马逊森林生物群落的种群之间存在显著的种群结构。这些数据对了解该物种的进化历史以及未来有关其保护的管理行动具有重要贡献。
