College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 May 15;586:675-684. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.043. Epub 2017 Feb 12.
Recently, some researchers have pointed out that the threats of ionic liquids (ILs) to aquatic environment cannot be ignored. Thus, this study investigated the potential toxicity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Cmim]BF) on a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at population, biochemical and physiological levels using 96h growth tests with a batch-culture system. Results showed that [Cmim]BF was very stable in aquatic environment during 96h of exposure. The growth of P. tricornutum was significantly inhibited by [Cmim]BF with 24, 48, 72 and 96h EC values of 0.63, 0.61, 0.68 and 0.72mgL, respectively. Although there were no significant differences between the controls and treatments with 0.1 and 0.5mgL [Cmim]BF, the effective quantum yields (Φ) of the diatom in 1, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL [Cmim]BF treatments were 61.48, 17.04, 2.96 and 0.74% of that in the controls at 96h of exposure, respectively. Chl a content of the diatom was decreased by 34.86, 47.79, 49.81, 59.21, 79.82 and 86.98% compared with that of the controls at 96h of exposure in 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL [Cmim]BF treatments, respectively. Relative to the controls, soluble sugar content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the diatom increased with increasing [Cmim]BF concentrations at 96h of exposure, and reached their maxima (1.46μg10cell, 7.48FU10cell, 3.35nmol10cell, 33.41 and 7.23Umg proteins, respectively) in 5mgL [Cmim]BF treatments. While the maximum soluble protein content (1.56μg10cell) of the diatom was obtained in 0.5mgL [Cmim]BF treatments, and then decreased with increasing [Cmim]BF concentrations from 0.5 to 10mgL. These findings provide strong evidence for the potential toxicity of ILs to marine diatoms.
最近，一些研究人员指出，离子液体（ILs）对水生环境的威胁不容忽视。因此，本研究采用分批培养系统的 96h 生长试验，在种群、生化和生理水平上研究了 1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[Cmim]BF）对海洋硅藻三角褐指藻的潜在毒性。结果表明，[Cmim]BF 在 96h 的暴露过程中在水生环境中非常稳定。[Cmim]BF 对三角褐指藻的生长具有显著的抑制作用，其 24、48、72 和 96h 的 EC 值分别为 0.63、0.61、0.68 和 0.72mgL。尽管在 0.1 和 0.5mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组与对照组之间没有显著差异，但在 1、2.5、5 和 10mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组中，硅藻的有效量子产率（Φ）在 96h 的暴露时间内分别为对照组的 61.48%、17.04%、2.96%和 0.74%。在 0.1、0.5、1、2.5、5 和 10mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组中，暴露 96h 后，硅藻的叶绿素 a 含量分别比对照组低 34.86%、47.79%、49.81%、59.21%、79.82%和 86.98%。与对照组相比，暴露 96h 后，在 0.1、0.5、1、2.5、5 和 10mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组中，硅藻的可溶性糖含量、活性氧（ROS）水平、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性均升高，在 5mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组中达到最大值（分别为 1.46μg10cell、7.48FU10cell、3.35nmol10cell、33.41 和 7.23Umg 蛋白）。而硅藻的最大可溶性蛋白含量（1.56μg10cell）出现在 0.5mgL[Cmim]BF 处理组中，然后随着[Cmim]BF 浓度从 0.5mgL 增加到 10mgL 而降低。这些发现为 ILs 对海洋硅藻的潜在毒性提供了有力证据。
