Gilarska Maja, Klimek Malgorzata, Drozdz Dorota, Grudzien Andrzej, Kwinta Przemko
Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Iran J Pediatr. 2016 May 24;26(5):e5080. doi: 10.5812/ijp.5080. eCollection 2016 Oct.
Several research trials have analyzed the impact of prematurity on the prevalence of hypertension (HT). However, prospective long-term studies are lacking.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HT at the age of 7 and 11 years in a regional cohort of preterm infants with a birth weight of ≤ 1000 g.
This study included 67 children with a birth weight of ≤ 1000 g who were born in Malopolska between September 2002 and August 2004. The control group consisted of 38 children born at term, matched for age. Each child underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) twice, once at the age of 7 and again at 11 years. The presence of HT was estimated according to the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and a number of individual measurements.
At aged 7 years, preterm infants had a significantly higher incidence of HT, defined on the basis of MAP (15% vs. 0%; P < 0.02) and on the percent of individual measurements (56% vs. 33%, P < 0.036). After taking into account the group of patients who received anti-HT treatment after the first part of the study, the incidence of HT at the age of 11 years based on MAP was 19% vs. 10%. Based on the individual measurements, it was 36.5% in the preterm infants vs. 24% in the control group. The differences were not statistically significant. At both time points, the preterm group had a higher mean heart rate (HR) than the control group.
Children born prematurely are predisposed to HT in later life, in addition to the persistence of an increased HR.
多项研究试验分析了早产对高血压（HT）患病率的影响。然而，缺乏前瞻性长期研究。
本研究旨在评估出生体重≤1000g的地区早产婴儿队列在7岁和11岁时的HT患病率。
本研究纳入了2002年9月至2004年8月在小波兰省出生的67名出生体重≤1000g的儿童。对照组由38名足月出生、年龄匹配的儿童组成。每个儿童进行两次24小时动态血压测量（ABPM），一次在7岁时，另一次在11岁时。根据平均动脉压（MAP）和多个个体测量值评估HT的存在情况。
在7岁时，根据MAP定义，早产儿的HT发病率显著更高（15%对0%；P<0.02），根据个体测量值的百分比也是如此（56%对33%，P<0.036）。在考虑了研究第一部分后接受抗HT治疗的患者组后，11岁时基于MAP的HT发病率在早产儿中为19%，在对照组中为10%。基于个体测量值，早产儿为36.5%，对照组为24%。差异无统计学意义。在两个时间点，早产组的平均心率（HR）均高于对照组。
早产出生的儿童在晚年易患HT，此外心率持续升高。
