Keegan Jason D, Keane Orla M, Good Barbara, De Waal Theo, Denny Marian, Hanrahan James P, Fitzgerald William, Sheehan Maresa
Animal & Bioscience Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co., Meath, Ireland.
Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, Co., Kildare, Ireland.
Ir Vet J. 2017 Feb 9;70:7. doi: 10.1186/s13620-017-0086-9. eCollection 2017.
Between 2013 and 2015 the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) administered a sheep technology adoption programme (STAP), with the aim of increasing profitability on Irish sheep farms by encouraging the adoption of best management practices. One of the options available to STAP participants was to test the efficacy of the anthelmintic treatment (benzimadazole, levamisole or macrocyclic lactone) used in their flocks by means of a drench test, which is a modification of the faecal egg count reduction test; individual faecal samples were collected from the same group of lambs before and after anthelmintic treatment, the number of eggs present pre and post treatment was subsequently determined from a pooled sample.
In total, 4211 drench tests were undertaken by farmers during the 3 years of the programme. Information on the anthelmintic product used was available for 3771 of these tests; anthelmintics from the classes benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) (avermectins (AVM) plus moxidectin (MOX)) were used in 42.0%, 23.4% and 32.5% of tests, respectively. The remaining 2.1% of tests involved an inappropriate product. The efficacy of treatment against 'other trichostrongyles' (excluding spp and .) could be established for 1446 tests, and 51% of these tests were considered effective (i.e. a reduction of faecal egg count (FEC) ≥ 95%). There was a significant difference among the drug groups in efficacy; 31.5%, 51.9%, 62.5% and 84% of treatments were considered effective for BZ, LV, AVM, MOX, respectively. The efficacy of treatment against spp. could be established for 338 tests and the overall efficacy was 96%.
Due to the significant difference among the anthelmintic classes for efficacy against 'other trichostrongyles' along with the high level of efficacy against spp., a genus for which anthelmintic resistance is rarely reported, it is concluded that anthelmintic resistance was responsible for the majority of the anthelmintic treatment failures observed.
2013年至2015年期间，农业、食品与海洋部（DAFM）实施了一项绵羊技术应用计划（STAP），旨在通过鼓励采用最佳管理实践来提高爱尔兰绵羊养殖场的盈利能力。STAP参与者可选择的方案之一是通过淋洗试验来测试其羊群中使用的驱虫治疗（苯并咪唑、左旋咪唑或大环内酯）的效果，淋洗试验是粪便虫卵计数减少试验的一种改良方法；在驱虫治疗前后从同一组羔羊中采集个体粪便样本，随后从混合样本中确定治疗前后的虫卵数量。
在该计划的3年期间，农民总共进行了4211次淋洗试验。其中3771次试验有关于所使用驱虫产品的信息；苯并咪唑（BZ）类、左旋咪唑（LV）类和大环内酯（ML）类（阿维菌素（AVM）加莫昔克丁（MOX））驱虫剂分别在42.0%、23.4%和32.5%的试验中使用。其余2.1%的试验涉及不合适的产品。针对“其他毛圆线虫”（不包括某些种类）的治疗效果可在1446次试验中确定，其中51%的试验被认为有效（即粪便虫卵计数（FEC）减少≥95%）。药物组之间的疗效存在显著差异；BZ、LV、AVM、MOX治疗分别有31.5%、51.9%、62.5%和84%被认为有效。针对某些种类的治疗效果可在338次试验中确定，总体疗效为96%。
由于驱虫剂类别在针对“其他毛圆线虫”的疗效方面存在显著差异，以及对某些种类（很少报道有驱虫抗性的属）的高疗效水平，得出结论认为驱虫抗性是观察到的大多数驱虫治疗失败的原因。
