Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, UK.
Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
Curr Obes Rep. 2017 Mar;6(1):46-56. doi: 10.1007/s13679-017-0248-9.
This review examines the concepts of fussy eating and food neophobia in the context of key determinants of the development of children's food preferences. We discuss the evidence for genetic versus parental and other environmental influences on the ontogeny of these behavioural traits and the implications of current knowledge for interventions that attempt to lessen the impact of these traits on children's diets. Finally, we consider whether these traits increase the risk of a child becoming obese, or alternatively, underweight and malnourished.
Fussy eating and neophobia are related concepts with both genetic and environmental aetiologies. Parent-child correlations and heritability estimates are moderate to high for both traits, but aspects of the family environment remain influential in young children, although no longer in young adults. Parental strategies based around repeat tasting opportunities can improve acceptance of disliked foods in even the fussiest children. Fussy eating and neophobia are not risk factors for obesity but could limit growth in severe cases. Fussy eating and food neophobia are common concerns for parents, though health risks are low. Dissemination of evidence-based strategies to parents that can encourage a more varied diet in young children would be helpful.
本综述探讨了在儿童食物偏好发展的关键决定因素背景下，挑剔饮食和食物恐惧的概念。我们讨论了遗传因素与父母和其他环境因素对这些行为特征的发生的影响，并讨论了当前知识对干预措施的影响，这些干预措施试图减轻这些特征对儿童饮食的影响。最后，我们考虑这些特征是否会增加儿童肥胖的风险，或者相反，是否会导致儿童体重过轻和营养不良。
挑剔饮食和食物恐惧是相关的概念，具有遗传和环境病因。这两种特征的亲子相关性和遗传度估计都在中等至高度，但在幼儿时期，家庭环境的各个方面仍然有影响，尽管在年轻成年人中不再有影响。基于重复品尝机会的父母策略可以提高即使是最挑剔的孩子对不喜欢的食物的接受程度。挑剔饮食和食物恐惧不是肥胖的风险因素，但在严重情况下可能会限制生长。挑剔饮食和食物恐惧是父母常见的担忧，但健康风险较低。向父母传播鼓励幼儿饮食多样化的循证策略将是有帮助的。
