Elnitsky Christine A, Blevins Cara L, Fisher Michael P, Magruder Kathryn
College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Department of Health Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87(2):114-128. doi: 10.1037/ort0000244.
Returning military service members and veterans (MSMVs) experience a wide range of stress-related disorders in addition to social and occupational difficulties when reintegrating to the community. Facilitating reintegration of MSMVs following deployment is a societal priority. With an objective of identifying challenges and facilitators for reintegration of MSMVs of the current war era, we critically review and identify gaps in the literature. We searched 8 electronic databases and identified 1,764 articles. Screening of abstracts and full-text review based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded 186 articles for review. Two investigators evaluating relevant articles independently found a lack of clear definition or comprehensive theorizing about MSMV reintegration. To address these gaps, we linked the findings from the literature to provide a unified definition of reintegration and adapted the social ecological systems theory to guide research and practice aimed at MSMV reintegration. Furthermore, we identified individual, interpersonal, community, and societal challenges related to reintegration. The 186 studies published from 2001 (the start of the current war era) to 2015 included 6 experimental studies or clinical trials. Most studies do not adequately account for context or more than a narrow set of potential influences on MSMV reintegration. Little evidence was found that evaluated interventions for health conditions, rehabilitation, and employment, or effective models of integrated delivery systems. We recommend an ecological model of MSMV reintegration to advance research and practice processes and outcomes at 4 levels (individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal). (PsycINFO Database Record
退伍军人重返社会时，除了面临社会和职业方面的困难外，还会经历各种与压力相关的障碍。促进退伍军人部署后重新融入社会是一项社会优先事项。为了确定当前战争时期退伍军人重新融入社会的挑战和促进因素，我们对相关文献进行了批判性回顾并找出了其中的差距。我们检索了8个电子数据库，共识别出1764篇文章。根据我们的纳入/排除标准对摘要进行筛选和全文审查后，得到186篇文章进行评审。两名独立评估相关文章的研究人员发现，对于退伍军人重新融入社会缺乏明确的定义或全面的理论阐述。为了填补这些空白，我们将文献中的研究结果联系起来，给出了重新融入社会的统一定义，并采用社会生态系统理论来指导针对退伍军人重新融入社会的研究和实践。此外，我们还确定了与重新融入社会相关的个人、人际、社区和社会层面的挑战。从2001年（当前战争时期开始）到2015年发表的186项研究中，包括6项实验研究或临床试验。大多数研究没有充分考虑背景因素或对退伍军人重新融入社会的一系列潜在影响。几乎没有证据评估过针对健康状况、康复和就业的干预措施，或综合服务提供系统的有效模式。我们建议采用退伍军人重新融入社会的生态模型，以推进在个人、人际、组织和社会四个层面的研究及实践过程与成果。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
