Yang Xingtang, Jin Kai, Yang Fan, Yuan Guoping, Liu Wenbin, Xiang Lunhui, Wu Zhenqiang, Li Zixiong, Mao Jianying, Shen Junqing, Lombe Nelson, Zandamela Hemitério, Hazoume Lucrece, Hou Xiaomei, Ding Yibo, Cao Guangwen
1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 158 Yueming Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 201901, People's Republic of China.
2 Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
J Food Prot. 2017 Mar;80(3):482-487. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-309.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) gastroenteritis is a widespread global foodborne disease. To identify the epidemiologic characteristics, sources of food contamination, and risk factors of NTS gastroenteritis, epidemiologic data and stool specimens of diarrheal patients were collected from sentinel hospitals in Baoshan, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, between 2010 and 2014. Food products from nearby farmers' markets and animal feces from live poultry markets and livestock farms were sampled to identify the pathogen; a case-control study was conducted to characterize risk factors of NTS gastroenteritis. Of 3,906 diarrheal patients examined, 266 (6.8%) were positive for Salmonella. The positive rates were higher in summer than in the other seasons. Salmonella Typhimurium (36.1%) and Salmonella Enteritidis (30.8%) were the dominant serovars in the patients. Salmonella was detected in 26.2% pork samples, 7.1 to 7.8% poultry meats, and 3.3 to 8.9% poultry feces. Salmonella Typhimurium was the major serovar in contaminated food and animal feces. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that consumption of pork and quickly cooked eggs increased, whereas separating kitchen knives for cooked and raw food decreased the risk of NTS gastroenteritis, independently. We believe that NTS in poultry feces contaminated the meat products in the same markets and then infected humans if these foods were not sufficiently cooked. To prevent NTS gastroenteritis, it is necessary to survey Salmonella in meats and poultry feces, to cook eggs and pork sufficiently, to separate kitchen knives for cooked and raw food, and to prohibit live poultry trade in fresh meat markets.
非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）肠胃炎是一种广泛传播的全球性食源性疾病。为了确定NTS肠胃炎的流行病学特征、食物污染来源及危险因素，于2010年至2014年期间，从中华人民共和国上海宝山区的哨点医院收集了腹泻患者的流行病学数据和粪便样本。对附近农贸市场的食品以及活禽市场和畜牧场的动物粪便进行采样以鉴定病原体；开展了一项病例对照研究以描述NTS肠胃炎的危险因素。在3906例接受检查的腹泻患者中，266例（6.8%）沙门氏菌检测呈阳性。夏季的阳性率高于其他季节。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（36.1%）和肠炎沙门氏菌（30.8%）是患者中的主要血清型。在26.2%的猪肉样本、7.1%至7.8%的禽肉以及3.3%至8.9%的禽粪便中检测到沙门氏菌。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是受污染食品和动物粪便中的主要血清型。多因素条件logistic回归分析表明，食用猪肉和快速烹饪的鸡蛋会增加NTS肠胃炎的风险，而生熟食物分开使用刀具则会独立降低NTS肠胃炎的风险。我们认为，禽粪便中的NTS污染了同一市场中的肉类产品，如果这些食物未充分烹饪，进而感染人类。为预防NTS肠胃炎，有必要对肉类和禽粪便中的沙门氏菌进行监测，充分烹饪鸡蛋和猪肉，生熟食物分开使用刀具，并禁止在鲜肉市场进行活禽交易。
