Agarwal Padmanidhi, Mehrotra Divya, Agarwal Rajul, Kumar Sumit, Pandey Rahul
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2017 Mar;10(1):48-55. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597581. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
This study aimed to obtain dependable epidemiologic data of the variation in cause and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures by identifying, describing, and quantifying trauma. This retrospective study was conducted in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, over 1 year, based on a systematic computer-assisted database search from March 2015 to March 2016 for maxillofacial fractures. The demographics, etiology, geographic distribution, date of injury, site and number of fractures, and type of intervention were recorded for each. The study population consisted of 1,000 patients with 1,543 fractures. The male:female ratio was 8:1. A peak incidence of fractures was seen in the third decade (mean age: 30.3) with maximum patients younger than 40 years (80.8%). The incidence of fractures was highest in spring (42.9%). Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of trauma (64.4%) and mainly involved two wheelers (60.2%). Single-site fractures were most common. Mostly zygomatic (45.1%) and mandibular fractures (44.4%) were encountered, accounting for approximately 90% of all fractures. The main site of mandibular fractures was the body (34.4%); 46.2% of fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) while 53.8% were treated by closed methods. The study provides important data to contrive future plans for injury prevention. The trend of most traffic-related injuries continues with the increasing traffic on roads. Zygomatic complex and mandibular fractures remain the most frequent. The major populations at risk are young men and those driving two wheelers. The use of helmets could achieve a large reduction in maxillofacial fractures. Awareness for preventive measures and safety guidelines should be propagated and legislation on traffic rules strictly reinforced.
本研究旨在通过识别、描述和量化创伤情况，获取有关颌面骨折病因及特征变化的可靠流行病学数据。这项回顾性研究于印度北方邦开展，为期1年，基于2015年3月至2016年3月期间通过计算机系统辅助数据库搜索获取的颌面骨折病例。记录了每例患者的人口统计学信息、病因、地理分布、受伤日期、骨折部位及数量，以及干预类型。研究人群包括1000例患者，共1543处骨折。男女比例为8:1。骨折发病率在第三个十年达到峰值（平均年龄：30.3岁），40岁以下患者最多（80.8%）。春季骨折发病率最高（42.9%）。道路交通事故是最常见的创伤原因（64.4%），主要涉及两轮车（60.2%）。单部位骨折最为常见。最常遇到的是颧骨骨折（45.1%）和下颌骨骨折（44.4%），约占所有骨折的90%。下颌骨骨折的主要部位是体部（34.4%）；46.2%的骨折接受了切开复位内固定术（ORIF），而53.8%采用闭合方法治疗。该研究为制定未来的损伤预防计划提供了重要数据。随着道路上交通流量的增加，大多数与交通相关损伤的趋势仍在持续。颧骨复合体和下颌骨骨折仍然最为常见。主要的高危人群是年轻男性和骑两轮车的人。使用头盔可大幅减少颌面骨折。应宣传预防措施和安全指南的意识，并严格加强交通规则的立法。
