School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 17;7:42371. doi: 10.1038/srep42371.
Using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the monthly tropical Pacific subsurface ocean temperature anomalies (SOTA) from 1979 to 2014, we detected three leading modes in the tropical Pacific subsurface temperature. The first mode has a dipole pattern, with warming in the eastern Pacific and cooling in the western Pacific, and is closely related to traditional El Niño. The second mode has a monopole pattern, with only warming in the central Pacific subsurface. The third mode has a zonal tripole pattern, with warming in the off-equatorial central Pacific and cooling in the far eastern Pacific and western Pacific. The second and third modes are both related to El Niño Modoki. Mode 1 is linked with a Kelvin wave that propagates from the central to the eastern Pacific and is induced by the anomalous westerlies that propagate from the western to the central Pacific. Mode 2 is also linked with a Kelvin wave that propagates from the western to the central Pacific induced by the enhancement of westerlies over the western Pacific. Mode 3 is linked with a Rossby wave that propagates from the central to the western Pacific driven by the anomalous easterlies over the eastern Pacific.
利用 1979 年至 2014 年逐月热带太平洋次表层海洋温度异常（SOTA）的经验正交函数（EOF）分析，我们在热带太平洋次表层温度中检测到三个主要模式。第一个模式具有偶极子模式，在东太平洋变暖，在西太平洋冷却，与传统厄尔尼诺现象密切相关。第二个模式具有单极模式，仅在中太平洋次表层变暖。第三个模式具有纬向三极子模式，在赤道中部太平洋变暖，在东太平洋和西太平洋变冷。第二和第三种模式都与厄尔尼诺模态相关。模式 1 与从中心到东太平洋传播的开尔文波有关，由从西到中太平洋传播的异常西风引起。模式 2 也与由西太平洋西风增强引起的从中西部到太平洋中部传播的开尔文波有关。模式 3 与从东到西太平洋传播的罗斯贝波有关，由东太平洋异常东风驱动。
