Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Arch Sex Behav. 2018 Feb;47(2):457-464. doi: 10.1007/s10508-017-0951-3. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
The list of motives by Kanin (1994) is the most cited list of motives to file a false allegation of rape. Kanin posited that complainants file a false allegation out of revenge, to produce an alibi or to get sympathy. A new list of motives is proposed in which gain is the predominant factor. In the proposed list, complainants file a false allegation out of material gain, emotional gain, or a disturbed mental state. The list can be subdivided into eight different categories: material gain, alibi, revenge, sympathy, attention, a disturbed mental state, relabeling, or regret. To test the validity of the list, a sample of 57 proven false allegations were studied at and provided by the National Unit of the Dutch National Police (NU). The complete files were studied to ensure correct classification by the NU and to identify the motives of the complainants. The results support the overall validity of the list. Complainants were primarily motivated by emotional gain. Most false allegations were used to cover up other behavior such as adultery or skipping school. Some complainants, however, reported more than one motive. A large proportion, 20% of complainants, said that they did not know why they filed a false allegation. The results confirm the complexity of motivations for filing false allegations and the difficulties associated with archival studies. In conclusion, the list of Kanin is, based on the current results, valid but insufficient to explain all the different motives of complainants to file a false allegation.
卡宁（1994）列出的动机清单是被引用最多的强奸报案虚假指控动机清单。卡宁认为，投诉人提出虚假指控是出于报复、制造不在场证明或博取同情。本文提出了一个新的动机清单，其中获益是主要因素。在这个新的清单中，投诉人提出虚假指控是为了获得物质利益、情感利益或精神状态紊乱。该清单可以细分为八个不同类别：物质利益、不在场证明、报复、同情、关注、精神状态紊乱、重新定性或后悔。为了检验清单的有效性，对国家警察总局（National Unit of the Dutch National Police，NU）提供的 57 份经证实的虚假指控样本进行了研究。研究了完整的档案，以确保 NU 的正确分类，并确定投诉人的动机。研究结果支持清单的整体有效性。投诉人主要是出于情感获益的动机。大多数虚假指控是为了掩盖其他行为，如通奸或逃学。然而，一些投诉人报告了不止一个动机。很大一部分，即 20%的投诉人表示，他们不知道为什么要提出虚假指控。研究结果证实了提出虚假指控的动机的复杂性以及与档案研究相关的困难。总之，基于目前的结果，卡宁的清单是有效的，但不足以解释投诉人提出虚假指控的所有不同动机。
