Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;101(7):2659-2675. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8184-x. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
Reuse of secondary municipal effluent from wastewater treatment plants in water bodies could effectively alleviate freshwater resource shortage. However, excessive nutrients must be efficiently removed to prevent eutrophication. Compared with other means of advanced wastewater treatment, microalgae-based processes display overwhelming advantages including efficient and simultaneous N and P removal, no requirement of additional chemicals, O generation, CO mitigation, and potential value-added products from harvested biomass. One particular challenge of microalgae-based advanced municipal wastewater treatment compared to treatment of other types of wastewater is that concentrations of nutrients and N:P ratios in secondary municipal effluent are much lower and imbalanced. Therefore, there should be comprehensive considerations on nutrient removal from this specific type of effluent. Removal of nutrients and organic substances, and other environmental benefits of microalgae-based advanced municipal wastewater treatment systems were summarized. Among the existing studies on microalgal advanced nutrient removal, much information on major parameters is absent, rendering performances between studies not really comparable. Mechanisms of microalgae-based nitrogen and phosphorus removal were respectively analyzed to better understand advanced nutrient removal from municipal secondary effluent. Factors influencing microalgae-based nutrient removal were divided into intrinsic, environmental, and operational categories; several factors were identified in each category, and their influences on microalgal nutrient removal were discussed. A multiplicative kinetic model was integrated to estimate microalgal growth-related nutrient removal based majorly on environmental and intrinsic factors. Limitations and prospects of future full-scale microalgae-based advanced municipal wastewater treatment were also suggested. The manuscript could offer much valuable information for future studies on microalgae-based advanced wastewater treatment and water reuse.
再生利用二级城市污水厂出水于水体中可有效缓解淡水资源短缺。然而，为了防止富营养化，必须有效去除过量的营养物质。与其他高级废水处理方法相比，基于微藻的工艺具有许多优势，包括高效且同时去除氮和磷、无需添加额外的化学物质、产生氧气、减少 CO2 排放以及从收获的生物质中获得潜在增值产品。与处理其他类型的废水相比，基于微藻的高级城市废水处理的一个特殊挑战是二级城市废水中的营养物浓度和 N:P 比例较低且不平衡。因此，应综合考虑从这种特定类型的废水中去除营养物质。总结了基于微藻的高级城市废水处理系统去除营养物质和有机物质以及其他环境效益。在微藻高级养分去除的现有研究中，缺少关于主要参数的大量信息，导致研究之间的性能无法真正进行比较。分别分析了基于微藻的氮和磷去除机制，以更好地了解从城市二级出水中进行高级养分去除。将影响基于微藻的养分去除的因素分为内在、环境和操作类别；在每个类别中都确定了几个因素，并讨论了它们对微藻养分去除的影响。整合了一个乘法动力学模型，主要根据环境和内在因素来估算与微藻生长相关的养分去除。还提出了未来基于微藻的高级城市废水处理的限制和前景。该论文可为未来基于微藻的高级废水处理和水再利用研究提供有价值的信息。
