Cardozo Gabriela Santos, Ruas Graziele, Fiore Fabiana Alves, Silva Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro
Bauru College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
Science and Technology Institute of São José dos Campos, Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Heliyon. 2025 Jan 10;11(2):e41848. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41848. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
Microalgal technologies interact with other processes, enabling treatment systems to remove nutrients and pollutants while facilitating the reuse of final effluents. However, the development of these systems in various climates and their specific characteristics has been poorly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different tropical seasons within the Cerrado Biome on effluent treatment in a closed photobioreactor using a consortium of native microalgae. Cultivation was performed on a bench scale using anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater processed by two mechanisms from the wastewater treatment plant in Bauru, Brazil: the Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). The cultivation took place in an outdoor area with constant aeration and under natural climatic conditions during two seasons: summer and winter. Each season's cultivation occurred in triplicate over 7 days. After cultivation, the effluent and microalgal biomass were separated using a tannin-based organic coagulant (Tanfloc SG) to evaluate effluent quality for non-potable reuse. During summer, the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF achieved 76 ± 3 % and 84 ± 1.2 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively, while the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR achieved 83 ± 4 % and 85 ± 3 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively. In winter, 86 ± 2 % and 89 ± 5 % of phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively, were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF, while 68 ± 6 % and 93 ± 3 % were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR. The removal of generic bacteria exceeded 3.0 log for most conditions, with the summer experiments showing absolute values of below 100 CFU·100 ml⁻, indicating that the effluent could be used for unrestricted irrigation. Microalgal technology can serve as a tertiary treatment in countries with tropical climates, promoting the reintegration of water into the production cycle, which aligns with circular economy principles.
微藻技术与其他工艺相互作用，使处理系统能够去除营养物质和污染物，同时促进最终出水的回用。然而，这些系统在不同气候条件下的发展及其具体特性尚未得到充分研究。这项工作的目的是评估塞拉多生物群落内不同热带季节对使用本地微藻联合体的封闭式光生物反应器中污水处理的影响。使用巴西包鲁污水处理厂的两种工艺处理的厌氧消化生活污水，在实验室规模上进行培养：上流式厌氧滤池（UAF）和厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）。培养在室外区域进行，在夏季和冬季两个季节保持曝气并处于自然气候条件下。每个季节的培养重复进行3次，为期7天。培养后，使用基于单宁的有机絮凝剂（Tanfloc SG）分离出水和微藻生物质，以评估非饮用水回用的出水水质。在夏季，UAF处理的厌氧消化生活污水的磷和氮去除率分别达到76±3%和84±1.2%，而ABR处理的厌氧消化生活污水的磷和氮去除率分别达到83±4%和85±3%。在冬季，UAF处理的厌氧消化生活污水分别去除了86±2%的磷和89±5%的氮，而ABR处理的厌氧消化生活污水分别去除了68±6%的磷和93±3%的氮。在大多数条件下，普通细菌的去除率超过3.0个对数，夏季实验显示绝对值低于100 CFU·100 ml⁻，表明该出水可用于无限制灌溉。微藻技术可作为热带气候国家的三级处理工艺，促进水重新融入生产循环，这符合循环经济原则。
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