Ahola Aila J, Harjutsalo Valma, Thorn Lena M, Freese Riitta, Forsblom Carol, Mäkimattila Sari, Groop Per-Henrik
1Folkhälsan Research Center,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics,00290 Helsinki,Finland.
4Department of Food and Environmental Sciences,Division of Nutrition,00014 University of Helsinki,Finland.
Br J Nutr. 2017 Feb;117(3):450-456. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517000198. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Diet is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that may affect the components of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association between relative proportions of macronutrients and the components of the metabolic syndrome in a population of individuals with type 1 diabetes. In all, 791 individuals without nephropathy, with plausible energy intake and known metabolic syndrome status, taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were included in the analyses. Dietary data were collected with a diet record. The association between the relative macronutrient intake and the outcome variables were analysed using multivariable nutrient density substitution models. The relative proportions of dietary macronutrients or fatty acids were not associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome. In men, however, favouring carbohydrates over fats was associated with lower odds of the waist component, whereas favouring either carbohydrates or fats over proteins was associated with lower odds of the blood pressure component of the metabolic syndrome. In women, substituting carbohydrates for fats was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol concentration. Substituting carbohydrates or fats for alcohol or protein was, in men, associated with lower systolic blood pressure. To conclude, the relative distribution of macronutrients may have some relevance for the metabolic syndrome.
饮食是一个主要的可改变生活方式因素，可能会影响代谢综合征的组成成分。我们旨在研究1型糖尿病患者群体中常量营养素的相对比例与代谢综合征组成成分之间的关联。共有791名无肾病、能量摄入合理且代谢综合征状态已知的个体参与了芬兰糖尿病肾病研究，并被纳入分析。饮食数据通过饮食记录收集。使用多变量营养素密度替代模型分析了相对常量营养素摄入量与结果变量之间的关联。饮食中常量营养素或脂肪酸的相对比例与代谢综合征的存在无关。然而，在男性中，碳水化合物摄入量高于脂肪与腰围成分异常的几率较低有关，而碳水化合物或脂肪摄入量高于蛋白质与代谢综合征血压成分异常的几率较低有关。在女性中，用碳水化合物替代脂肪与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低有关。在男性中，用碳水化合物或脂肪替代酒精或蛋白质与收缩压降低有关。总之，常量营养素的相对分布可能与代谢综合征有一定关联。
