Martins L B, Teixeira A L, Domingues R B
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Vitam Horm. 2017;104:459-473. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
Neurotrophins (NTs) have been implicated in generation and modulation of nociceptive pathways. Change in NTs levels is associated with painful conditions and neurological diseases such as migraine. Currently, it is generally recognized that migraine headaches result from the activation and sensitization of trigeminal sensory afferent fibers leading to neuropeptides release such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). This triggers an inflammatory cascade causing a neurogenic inflammation. The agents responsible for trigeminal activation and release of neuropeptides are still unclear. It is known that the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) is an important mediator of CGRP and SP release. TRPV1 is closely associated with tyrosine receptors kinases (Trk), which are NTs receptors. NTs can act on TRPV1 increasing its sensitivity to painful stimuli, therefore predisposing to hyperalgesia. Upregulation of ion channels and pain receptors in dorsal root ganglion neurons may be alternative mechanisms by which NTs contribute to pain development. Only a few studies have been performed to investigate the role of NTs in migraine. These studies have reported changes in NTs levels in migraine patients either during the migraine attack or in free-headache periods.
神经营养因子（NTs）与伤害性感受通路的产生和调节有关。NTs水平的变化与疼痛状况和偏头痛等神经系统疾病相关。目前，普遍认为偏头痛是由三叉神经感觉传入纤维的激活和敏化导致降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）和P物质（SP）等神经肽释放引起的。这引发了炎症级联反应，导致神经源性炎症。导致三叉神经激活和神经肽释放的因素仍不清楚。已知瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1（TRPV1）是CGRP和SP释放的重要介质。TRPV1与酪氨酸受体激酶（Trk）密切相关，Trk是NTs受体。NTs可作用于TRPV1，增加其对疼痛刺激的敏感性，从而导致痛觉过敏。背根神经节神经元中离子通道和疼痛受体的上调可能是NTs导致疼痛发生的替代机制。仅有少数研究探讨了NTs在偏头痛中的作用。这些研究报告了偏头痛患者在偏头痛发作期间或无头痛期NTs水平的变化。
