Marceau Kristine, Jackson Kristina
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
J Adolesc Health. 2017 Jul;61(1):53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.020. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Early perceived pubertal timing and faster maturation have been linked to increased risk of adolescent substance use (SU), particularly for girls, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. We sought to replicate and extend findings from Westling et al. (2008) showing that peer deviance mediates the link between early puberty and SU with stronger pathways in the context of low parental knowledge of adolescents' whereabouts and activities.
Participants (n = 1,023; 52% female, 24% nonwhite, and 12% Hispanic) were recruited through middle schools. Pubertal timing and tempo were derived from repeated measures of perceived pubertal development. Specific sources of parental knowledge included child disclosure and parental solicitation. Two measures of peer deviance (problem behaviors and SU) were obtained. The use of any substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs) was coded from all assessments.
For girls, earlier pubertal timing was associated with higher likelihood of SU but only in girls who disclosed less. For boys, slower tempo predicted greater SU, equally across parental knowledge groups. Pubertal timing and tempo were generally not associated with peer deviance; however, we detected a significant indirect effect such that peer problem behavior mediated the association between girls' early pubertal timing and SU. Parental knowledge did not moderate this effect.
Peer deviance was not strongly supported as a mechanism underlying atypical pubertal risk for SU (supported in one of the eight models). Parental knowledge appears to serve as a contextual amplifier of pubertal risk, independent of peer influences.
青春期开始时间较早和发育较快与青少年物质使用（SU）风险增加有关，尤其是对女孩而言，但这种关联背后的机制尚不清楚。我们试图重复并扩展韦斯特林等人（2008年）的研究结果，该研究表明，在父母对青少年行踪和活动了解较少的情况下，同伴偏差介导了青春期早熟与物质使用之间的联系，且路径更强。
通过中学招募参与者（n = 1023；52%为女性，24%为非白人，12%为西班牙裔）。青春期开始时间和节奏来自对青春期发育感知的重复测量。父母了解情况的具体来源包括孩子的透露和父母的询问。获得了两种同伴偏差测量指标（问题行为和物质使用）。所有评估中都对任何物质（酒精、香烟、大麻和其他非法药物）的使用进行了编码。
对于女孩，青春期开始时间较早与物质使用可能性较高有关，但仅在透露较少的女孩中如此。对于男孩，发育节奏较慢预示着物质使用较多，在不同父母了解情况的组中情况相同。青春期开始时间和节奏通常与同伴偏差无关；然而，我们检测到一个显著的间接效应，即同伴问题行为介导了女孩青春期开始时间较早与物质使用之间的关联。父母了解情况并未调节这种效应。
同伴偏差作为物质使用非典型青春期风险背后的机制并未得到有力支持（在八个模型中的一个得到支持）。父母了解情况似乎是青春期风险的一种情境放大器，独立于同伴影响。
