Powell Robyn M, Mitra Monika, Smeltzer Suzanne C, Long-Bellil Linda M, Smith Lauren D, Iezzoni Lisa I
The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Womens Health Issues. 2017 May-Jun;27(3):345-350. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Historically, people with disabilities who become parents have confronted discriminatory societal attitudes and public policies. Today, although more women with disabilities are bearing children, little is known about the perceptions of their pregnancies, even among their family members. In addition, little is understood about how family members' attitudes and reactions affect women with physical disabilities around the time of pregnancy.
This qualitative study involved interviews with 25 women with physical disabilities from across the United States who had a baby within the past 10 years. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed using an iterative, interpretive process.
Women reported a wide range of physical disabilities. Before, during, and after pregnancy, participants reported experiencing wide-ranging attitudes and reactions from family members concerning their pregnancies. These responses fell into six categories: 1) initial negative reactions, 2) concern about mother's well-being, 3) questioning of parenting capability, 4) negative perceptions of disability, 5) genetic concerns, and 6) excited and supportive.
This study sheds light on the attitudes and reactions toward pregnancy that women with physical disabilities experience from family members. Our findings suggest the need for increased social support and family education. Greater availability of peer supports as well as information for women with disabilities considering pregnancy is also needed.
历史上，身有残疾的父母面临着社会歧视态度和公共政策。如今，尽管有更多残疾女性生育子女，但对于她们对怀孕的看法，甚至在其家庭成员当中，也知之甚少。此外，对于家庭成员的态度和反应如何在怀孕前后影响身体残疾的女性，人们了解也不多。
这项定性研究涉及对来自美国各地的25名身体残疾女性进行访谈，她们在过去10年内生育了子女。采用半结构化电话访谈。访谈进行了录音、专业转录，并通过反复的解释性过程进行分析。
女性报告了各种各样的身体残疾情况。在怀孕前、期间和之后，参与者报告称家庭成员对其怀孕有各种各样的态度和反应。这些反应分为六类：1）最初的负面反应，2）对母亲福祉的担忧，3）对育儿能力的质疑，4）对残疾的负面看法，5）对遗传问题的担忧，6）兴奋与支持。
本研究揭示了身体残疾女性从家庭成员那里体验到的对怀孕的态度和反应。我们的研究结果表明需要增加社会支持和家庭教育。还需要为考虑怀孕的残疾女性提供更多的同伴支持和信息。
