Kumar R, Griffin M, Butler P E
Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK.
Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK.
Open Orthop J. 2016 Dec 30;10:862-876. doi: 10.2174/1874325001610010862. eCollection 2016.
Cartilage is an important tissue found in a variety of anatomical locations. Damage to cartilage is particularly detrimental, owing to its intrinsically poor healing capacity. Current reconstructive options for cartilage repair are limited, and alternative approaches are required. Biomaterial science and Tissue engineering are multidisciplinary areas of research that integrate biological and engineering principles for the purpose of restoring premorbid tissue function. Biomaterial science traditionally focuses on the replacement of diseased or damaged tissue with implants. Conversely, tissue engineering utilizes porous biomimetic scaffolds, containing cells and bioactive molecules, to regenerate functional tissue. However, both paradigms feature several disadvantages. Faced with the increasing clinical burden of cartilage defects, attention has shifted towards the incorporation of Nanotechnology into these areas of regenerative medicine.
Searches were conducted on Pubmed using the terms "cartilage", "reconstruction", "nanotechnology", "nanomaterials", "tissue engineering" and "biomaterials". Abstracts were examined to identify articles of relevance, and further papers were obtained from the citations within.
The content of 96 articles was ultimately reviewed. The literature yielded no studies that have progressed beyond and experimentation. Several limitations to the use of nanomaterials to reconstruct damaged cartilage were identified in both the tissue engineering and biomaterial fields.
Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that interact with biological systems in novel ways, potentially opening new avenues for the advancement of constructs used to repair cartilage. However, research into these technologies is in its infancy, and clinical translation remains elusive.
软骨是一种存在于多种解剖位置的重要组织。由于其自身愈合能力较差，软骨损伤尤其有害。目前用于软骨修复的重建方法有限，因此需要其他替代方法。生物材料科学和组织工程是多学科研究领域，它们整合生物学和工程学原理以恢复病前组织功能。传统上，生物材料科学专注于用植入物替代患病或受损组织。相反，组织工程利用含有细胞和生物活性分子的多孔仿生支架来再生功能组织。然而，这两种模式都有几个缺点。面对软骨缺损日益增加的临床负担，注意力已转向将纳米技术纳入这些再生医学领域。
在PubMed上使用“软骨”“重建”“纳米技术”“纳米材料”“组织工程”和“生物材料”等术语进行检索。检查摘要以确定相关文章，并从其中的参考文献中获取更多论文。
最终对96篇文章进行了综述。文献中没有超出体外和体内实验阶段的研究。在组织工程和生物材料领域都发现了使用纳米材料重建受损软骨的几个局限性。
纳米材料具有独特的物理化学性质，能以新颖的方式与生物系统相互作用，这可能为修复软骨的构建物的发展开辟新途径。然而，这些技术的研究尚处于起步阶段，临床转化仍难以实现。
