巴西柔术运动员的生物力学差异：格斗风格的作用。
BIOMECHANICAL DIFFERENCES IN BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU ATHLETES: THE ROLE OF COMBAT STYLE.
作者信息
Lima Pedro Olavo de Paula, Lima Alane Almeida, Coelho Anita Camila Sampaio, Lima Yuri Lopes, Almeida Gabriel Peixoto Leão, Bezerra Márcio Almeida, de Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro
机构信息
Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
League Sports Physical Therapy, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Feb;12(1):67-74.
BACKGROUND
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes can be divided into two combat styles: pass fighters (PFs) and guard fighters (GFs). Flexibility of the posterior chain muscles is highly necessary in these athletes, especially in GFs. On the other hand, isometric strength of the trunk extensors is required in PFs. Handgrip strength is important in holding the kimono of the opponent, and symmetrical lower-limb strength is important for the prevention of injuries due to the overload caused by training.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical profiles of BJJ athletes with different combat styles using the following outcome measures: flexibility, trunk extensor isometric endurance, postural balance, handgrip isometric endurance and lower-limb muscle strength.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted using 19 GFs and 19 PFs. The sit-and-reach test was used to evaluate the flexibility of the posterior chain muscles. The Biodex Balance System® was used to evaluate balance. A handgrip dynamometer and a dorsal dynamometer were used to evaluate handgrip and trunk extensor endurance, respectively. Quadriceps and hamstring strength were evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer at 60 °/s.
RESULTS
No differences were observed between groups in terms of flexibility, balance, handgrip isometric endurance or quadriceps and hamstring strength; however, PFs (81.33) showed more isometric trunk extension endurance than GFs (68.85) ( = 0.02). Both groups had low values for hamstring/quadriceps ratio.
CONCLUSION
No significant biomechanical differences were observed between PFs and GFs.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2b.
背景
巴西柔术（BJJ）运动员可分为两种格斗风格：过腿选手（PFs）和防守选手（GFs）。这些运动员，尤其是GFs，后链肌肉的柔韧性非常必要。另一方面，PFs需要躯干伸肌的等长力量。握力对于抓住对手的道服很重要，对称的下肢力量对于预防训练引起的过载导致的损伤很重要。
目的
本研究的目的是使用以下结果指标比较不同格斗风格的BJJ运动员的生物力学特征：柔韧性、躯干伸肌等长耐力、姿势平衡、握力等长耐力和下肢肌肉力量。
方法
采用横断面研究，纳入19名GFs和19名PFs。使用坐位体前屈测试评估后链肌肉的柔韧性。使用Biodex Balance System®评估平衡。分别使用握力计和背部测力计评估握力和躯干伸肌耐力。使用等速测力计在60°/s时评估股四头肌和腘绳肌力量。
结果
两组在柔韧性、平衡、握力等长耐力或股四头肌和腘绳肌力量方面未观察到差异；然而，PFs（81.33）的躯干等长伸展耐力比GFs（68.85）更强（P = 0.02）。两组的腘绳肌/股四头肌比值均较低。
结论
PFs和GFs之间未观察到显著的生物力学差异。
证据水平
2b。
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