额叶γ-氨基丁酸浓度与老年人的认知表现相关。
Frontal Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Concentrations Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Older Adults.
作者信息
Porges Eric C, Woods Adam J, Edden Richard A E, Puts Nicolaas A J, Harris Ashley D, Chen Huaihou, Garcia Amanda M, Seider Talia R, Lamb Damon G, Williamson John B, Cohen Ronald A
机构信息
Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory (ECP, AJW, HC, AMG, TRS, DGL, JBW, RAC), Institute on Aging, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research; Department of Neuroscience (AJW), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), Kennedy Krieger Institute; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (RAEE, NAJP, ADH), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiology (ADH), CAIR Program (ADH), Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (ADH), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biostatistics (HC); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (AMG, TRS), University of Florida; Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center (DGL, JBW), Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; and Center for Neuropsychological Studies (JBW), Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
出版信息
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2017 Jan;2(1):38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.004.
BACKGROUND
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the brain's principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, has been associated with perceptual and attentional functioning. Recent application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides in vivo evidence for decreasing GABA concentrations during adulthood. It is unclear, however, how age-related decrements in cerebral GABA concentrations contribute to cognitive decline, or whether previously reported declines in cerebral GABA concentrations persist during healthy aging. We hypothesized that participants with higher GABA concentrations in the frontal cortex would exhibit superior cognitive function and that previously reported age-related decreases in cortical GABA concentrations continue into old age.
METHODS
We measured GABA concentrations in frontal and posterior midline cerebral regions using a Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) H-MRS approach in 94 older adults without history or clinical evidence of mild cognitive impairment or dementia (mean age, 73 years). We administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to assess cognitive functioning.
RESULTS
Greater frontal GABA concentrations were associated with superior cognitive performance. This relation remained significant after controlling for age, years of education, and brain atrophy. GABA concentrations in both frontal and posterior regions decreased as a function of age.
CONCLUSIONS
These novel findings from a large, healthy, older population indicate that cognitive function is sensitive to cerebral GABA concentrations in the frontal cortex, and GABA concentration in frontal and posterior regions continue to decline in later age. These effects suggest that proton MRS may provide a clinically useful method for the assessment of normal and abnormal age-related cognitive changes and the associated physiological contributors.
背景
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是大脑主要的抑制性神经递质，与感知和注意力功能有关。磁共振波谱（MRS）的最新应用为成年期GABA浓度降低提供了体内证据。然而，尚不清楚大脑GABA浓度的年龄相关下降如何导致认知能力下降，或者先前报道的大脑GABA浓度下降在健康衰老过程中是否持续存在。我们假设额叶皮质中GABA浓度较高的参与者将表现出更好的认知功能，并且先前报道的皮质GABA浓度与年龄相关的下降会持续到老年。
方法
我们使用Mescher-Garwood点分辨波谱（MEGA-PRESS）氢磁共振波谱方法，测量了94名无轻度认知障碍或痴呆病史及临床证据的老年人（平均年龄73岁）额叶和大脑后中线区域的GABA浓度。我们进行了蒙特利尔认知评估以评估认知功能。
结果
额叶GABA浓度越高，认知表现越好。在控制年龄、受教育年限和脑萎缩后，这种关系仍然显著。额叶和后部区域的GABA浓度均随年龄增长而下降。
结论
这些来自大量健康老年人群的新发现表明，认知功能对额叶皮质中的大脑GABA浓度敏感，额叶和后部区域的GABA浓度在老年时继续下降。这些结果表明，质子磁共振波谱可能为评估正常和异常的年龄相关认知变化及相关生理因素提供一种临床上有用的方法。
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