Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského námeˇstí 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2017 Mar;6(6). doi: 10.1002/adhm.201601115. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Owing to their tunable blood circulation time and suitable plasma stability, polymer-based nanomaterials hold a great potential for designing and utilising multifunctional nanocarriers for efficient imaging and effective treatment of cancer. When tagged with appropriate radionuclides, they may allow for specific detection (diagnosis) as well as the destruction of tumours (therapy) or even customization of materials, aiming to both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic approach). This review provides an overview of recent developments of radiolabelled polymeric nanomaterials (natural and synthetic polymers) for molecular imaging of cancer, specifically, applying nuclear techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Different approaches to radiolabel polymers are evaluated from the methodical radiochemical point of view. This includes new bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs) for radiometals as well as novel labelling methods. Special emphasis is given to eligible strategies employed to evade the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in view of efficient targeting. The discussion encompasses promising strategies currently employed as well as emerging possibilities in radionuclide-based cancer therapy. Key issues involved in the clinical translation of radiolabelled polymers and future scopes of this intriguing research field are also discussed.
由于其可调节的血液循环时间和合适的血浆稳定性，基于聚合物的纳米材料在设计和利用多功能纳米载体以实现癌症的高效成像和有效治疗方面具有巨大潜力。当与适当的放射性核素标记时，它们可以实现特定的检测（诊断）以及肿瘤的破坏（治疗），甚至可以定制材料，旨在进行诊断和治疗（治疗方法）。这篇综述概述了放射性标记聚合物纳米材料（天然和合成聚合物）在癌症分子成像方面的最新进展，特别是应用了正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）等核技术。从放射性化学的角度评估了对聚合物进行放射性标记的不同方法。这包括用于放射性金属的新型双功能螯合剂（BFCAs）和新型标记方法。特别强调了为了实现有效的靶向而采用的可逃避单核吞噬细胞系统（MPS）的合适策略。讨论包括目前使用的有前途的策略以及基于放射性核素的癌症治疗的新兴可能性。还讨论了放射性标记聚合物的临床转化中涉及的关键问题以及这个有趣的研究领域的未来前景。
