Vertacnik Kim L, Linnen Catherine R
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Feb;1389(1):186-212. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13311.
Adaptation to different host taxa is a key driver of insect diversification. Herbivorous insects are classic models for ecological and evolutionary research, but it is recent advances in sequencing, statistics, and molecular technologies that have cleared the way for investigations into the proximate genetic mechanisms underlying host shifts. In this review, we discuss how genome-scale data are revealing-at resolutions previously unimaginable-the genetic architecture of host-use traits, the causal loci underlying host shifts, and the predictability of host-use evolution. Collectively, these studies are providing novel insights into longstanding questions about host-use evolution. On the basis of this synthesis, we suggest that different host-use traits are likely to differ in their genetic architecture (number of causal loci and the nature of their genetic correlations) and genetic predictability (extent of gene or mutation reuse), indicating that any conclusions about the causes and consequences of host-use evolution will depend heavily on which host-use traits are investigated. To draw robust conclusions and identify general patterns in host-use evolution, we argue that investigation of diverse host-use traits and identification of causal genes and mutations should be the top priorities for future studies on the evolutionary genetics of host shifts.
适应不同的宿主类群是昆虫多样化的关键驱动力。植食性昆虫是生态和进化研究的经典模型，但测序、统计学和分子技术的最新进展为研究宿主转移背后的直接遗传机制扫清了道路。在本综述中，我们讨论了基因组规模的数据如何以前所未有的分辨率揭示宿主利用性状的遗传结构、宿主转移背后的因果位点以及宿主利用进化的可预测性。总的来说，这些研究为关于宿主利用进化的长期问题提供了新的见解。基于这一综合分析，我们认为不同的宿主利用性状在其遗传结构（因果位点的数量及其遗传相关性的性质）和遗传可预测性（基因或突变重复利用的程度）方面可能存在差异，这表明关于宿主利用进化的原因和后果的任何结论将在很大程度上取决于所研究的宿主利用性状。为了得出可靠的结论并确定宿主利用进化中的一般模式，我们认为研究多样化的宿主利用性状以及鉴定因果基因和突变应该是未来宿主转移进化遗传学研究的首要任务。
