Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Child Abuse Negl. 2017 Apr;66:9-22. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.025. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
Although prevalence studies show girls are more frequently sexually abused than boys, a significant proportion of boys also experience child sexual abuse (CSA). The challenges for public policy are amplified for boys due to less developed public and professional sensitisation to boys' experiences, conceptions of masculinity, and less research on boys including into reporting trends and outcomes. We conducted a 20-year longitudinal time-trend analysis of government data to identify reporting trends and report outcomes for CSA in Victoria, Australia from 1993 to 2012. We stratified by child gender and reporter status. Results indicate a new sensitisation to CSA, especially for boys, although this trend was not stable. Marked change occurred in the last five years, likely influenced by major social and political events. Comparison over time revealed that from 1993 to 2012, the rate of reporting of boys increased 2.6-fold whereas there was a 1.5-fold increase for girls. Comparing genders, with regards to rate of reporting, in 1993, the sex ratio of girls to boys was 2:1, while by 2012 this ratio changed to 1.14:1. Reports by police and other mandated reporters accounted for the majority of the increase in reports over the 20-year period, suggesting unequal sensitisation. Positive report outcomes (i.e. substantiations, findings of harm, and referral to services) increased twelve-fold for boys, and nearly five-fold for girls, indicating the increased levels of reports were based in actual clinical need. Most of this increase occurred from 2009 to 2012, influenced by a compound of social, political and agency-related factors.
尽管流行性病学研究表明，女孩比男孩更容易遭受性虐待，但仍有相当一部分男孩经历过儿童性虐待（CSA）。由于对男孩的经历、男性气质观念以及对男孩的研究（包括报告趋势和结果）不够敏感，男孩面临的公共政策挑战更为严峻。我们对政府数据进行了为期 20 年的纵向时间趋势分析，以确定澳大利亚维多利亚州从 1993 年到 2012 年 CSA 的报告趋势和结果。我们按儿童性别和报告人身份进行了分层。结果表明，对 CSA 的认识有所提高，尤其是对男孩的认识，但这一趋势并不稳定。在过去的五年中发生了显著变化，可能受到重大社会和政治事件的影响。随着时间的推移进行比较发现，自 1993 年至 2012 年，男孩报告率增加了 2.6 倍，而女孩报告率增加了 1.5 倍。从时间上看，在报告率方面，1993 年女孩与男孩的性别比为 2:1，而到 2012 年，这一比例变为 1.14:1。在 20 年的报告中，警察和其他强制报告人报告的数量占报告数量增加的大部分，表明认识存在不平等。男孩的阳性报告结果（即证实、发现伤害和转介服务）增加了 12 倍，女孩增加了近 5 倍，表明增加的报告数量基于实际的临床需求。这种增长大部分发生在 2009 年至 2012 年期间，受到社会、政治和机构相关因素的综合影响。
