López-Dicastillo Olga, Canga-Armayor Navidad, Mujika Agurtzane, Pardavila-Belio Miren Idoia, Belintxon Maider, Serrano-Monzó Inmaculada, Pumar-Méndez María J
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria y Materno-Infantil, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria y Materno-Infantil, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
Gac Sanit. 2017 May-Jun;31(3):269-272. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.011. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
The World Health Organization states that health promotion is a key strategy to improve health, and it is conceived as a global process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Health promotion does not focus solely on empowering individuals dealing with their knowledge, attitudes and skills, but it also takes political, social, economic and environmental aspects influencing health and wellbeing into account. The complexity of applying these concepts is reflected in the five paradoxes in health promotion; these arise in between the rhetoric in health promotion and implementation. The detected paradoxes which are described herein involve the patient versus the person, the individual versus the group, disease professionals versus health professionals, disease indicators versus health indicators, and health as an expense versus health as an investment. Making these contradictions explicit can help determine why it is so complex to put the concepts related to health promotion into practice. It can also help to put forward aspects that need further work if health promotion is to put into practice.
世界卫生组织指出，健康促进是改善健康的关键策略，它被视为使人们能够增强对自身健康的控制并改善健康状况的全球进程。健康促进不仅注重增强个人应对其知识、态度和技能的能力，还考虑到影响健康和福祉的政治、社会、经济及环境因素。应用这些概念的复杂性体现在健康促进的五个悖论中；这些悖论出现在健康促进的言辞与实施之间。本文所描述的已发现的悖论涉及患者与个体、个人与群体、疾病专业人员与健康专业人员、疾病指标与健康指标，以及将健康视为一种花费与将健康视为一种投资。明确这些矛盾有助于确定为何将与健康促进相关的概念付诸实践如此复杂。它还能有助于提出若要将健康促进付诸实践则需要进一步开展工作的方面。
