Sani-Kast Nicole, Labille Jérôme, Ollivier Patrick, Slomberg Danielle, Hungerbühler Konrad, Scheringer Martin
Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Collège de France, Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Mar 7;114(10):E1756-E1765. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1608106114. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the properties and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments. There is an extensive body of experiments on interactions between DOM and ENPs and also larger particles. [We denote particles on the nano- and micrometer scale as particulate matter (PM).] However, the experimental results are very heterogeneous, and a general mechanistic understanding of DOM-PM interactions is still missing. In this situation, recent reviews have called to expand the range of DOM and ENPs studied. Therefore, our work focuses on the diversity of the DOM and PM types investigated. Because the experimental results reported in the literature are highly disparate and difficult to structure, a new format of organizing, visualizing, and interpreting the results is needed. To this end, we perform a network analysis of 951 experimental results on DOM-PM interactions, which enabled us to analyze and quantify the diversity of the materials investigated. The diversity of the DOM-PM combinations studied has mostly been decreasing over the last 25 y, which is driven by an increasing focus on several frequently investigated materials, such as DOM isolated from fresh water, DOM in whole-water samples, and TiO and silver PM. Furthermore, there is an underrepresentation of studies into the effect of particle coating on PM-DOM interactions. Finally, it is of great importance that the properties of DOM used in experiments with PM, in particular the molecular weight and the content of aromatic and aliphatic carbon, are reported more comprehensively and systematically.
溶解有机物（DOM）对工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）在水生环境中的性质和归宿有强烈影响。关于DOM与ENPs以及更大颗粒之间相互作用的实验有大量研究。[我们将纳米和微米尺度的颗粒称为颗粒物（PM）。]然而，实验结果差异很大，对DOM - PM相互作用仍缺乏全面的机理理解。在这种情况下，近期的综述呼吁扩大所研究的DOM和ENPs的范围。因此，我们的工作重点在于所研究的DOM和PM类型的多样性。由于文献中报道的实验结果差异极大且难以梳理，需要一种新的结果组织、可视化和解释形式。为此，我们对951个关于DOM - PM相互作用的实验结果进行了网络分析，这使我们能够分析和量化所研究材料的多样性。在过去25年里，所研究的DOM - PM组合的多样性大多在下降，这是由于越来越关注几种经常研究的材料，如从淡水中分离出的DOM、全水样中的DOM以及TiO和银质PM。此外，关于颗粒涂层对PM - DOM相互作用影响的研究较少。最后，非常重要的是，在与PM相关的实验中使用的DOM的性质，特别是分子量以及芳香族和脂肪族碳的含量，需要更全面、系统地报告。
