Aziato Lydia, Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa, Umoar Kitimdow Lazarus
Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
School of Nursing, Wisconsin International University College, Accra, Ghana.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017 Feb 22;17(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1248-1.
Women have experienced severe labour pain over the years and various attempts have been made to effectively manage labour pain. However, there is paucity of literature on the labour pain experience and perceptions about labour pain with the contemporary Ghanaian health system. Therefore this study sought to gain an in-depth understanding on labour pain experiences and perceptions of post-partum women.
The study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach and collected data through individual interviews. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants who were purposively sampled. After transcription of interviews, the data were analyzed inductively using content analysis techniques.
Women in this study experienced pain during labour rated as mild, moderate and severe and the pain was felt at the waist area, vagina, lower abdomen and the general body. The women expressed labour pain through crying, screaming and shouting. They prayed to God to help reduce the severe pain. Some women endured the pain, cried inwardly and others showed no sign of pain. Some women believed that crying during labour is a sign of weakness. Pain reliefs such as pethidine (Meperidine) was occasionally given. Non-pharmacologic measures employed included walking around, deep breathing, side-lying, waist holding, squatting, taking a shower and chewing gum. The individuality of pain experience and expression was emphasized and the socio-cultural orientation of women made some of them stoic.
We concluded that it is necessary for all health professionals to manage labour pain effectively taking the socio-cultural context into consideration.
多年来，女性经历了剧烈的分娩疼痛，人们尝试了各种方法来有效控制分娩疼痛。然而，关于当代加纳卫生系统下的分娩疼痛体验及对分娩疼痛的认知的文献却很少。因此，本研究旨在深入了解产后女性的分娩疼痛体验和认知。
本研究采用探索性描述性定性研究方法，通过个人访谈收集数据。从所有经过目的性抽样的参与者那里获得了知情同意。访谈转录后，使用内容分析技术对数据进行归纳分析。
本研究中的女性在分娩过程中经历了轻度、中度和重度疼痛，疼痛部位包括腰部、阴道、下腹部和全身。这些女性通过哭泣、尖叫和呼喊来表达分娩疼痛。她们向上帝祈祷以减轻剧痛。一些女性忍受着疼痛，暗自哭泣，而另一些则没有表现出疼痛迹象。一些女性认为分娩时哭泣是软弱的表现。偶尔会使用哌替啶（度冷丁）等止痛药物。采用的非药物措施包括四处走动、深呼吸、侧卧、扶腰、下蹲、洗澡和嚼口香糖。强调了疼痛体验和表达的个体差异，女性的社会文化取向使其中一些人坚忍克己。
我们得出结论，所有卫生专业人员在考虑社会文化背景的情况下有效管理分娩疼痛是必要的。
