Fong Bensun C, Slack Ruth S
University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Neurogenesis (Austin). 2017 Feb 7;4(1):e1270382. doi: 10.1080/23262133.2016.1270382. eCollection 2017.
The fundamental mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis remain to be fully clarified. Members of the cell cycle machinery have demonstrated key roles in regulating adult neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence and the size of the adult-born neuronal population. The retinoblastoma protein, Rb, is known to possess CNS-specific requirements that are independent from its classical role as a tumor suppressor. The recent study by Vandenbosch et al. has clarified distinct requirements for Rb during adult neurogenesis, in the restriction of proliferation, as well as long-term adult-born neuronal survival. However, Rb is no longer believed to be the main cell cycle regulator maintaining the quiescence of adult NSCs. Future studies must consider Rb as part of a larger network of regulatory effectors, including the other members of the Rb family, p107 and p130. This will help elucidate the contribution of Rb and other pocket proteins in the context of adult neurogenesis, and define its crucial role in regulating the size and fate of the neurogenic niche.
成体神经发生的基本机制仍有待充分阐明。细胞周期机制的成员已证明在调节成体神经干细胞（NSC）静止和新生神经元群体大小方面发挥关键作用。视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白Rb已知具有中枢神经系统特异性需求，这与其作为肿瘤抑制因子的经典作用无关。Vandenbosch等人最近的研究阐明了Rb在成体神经发生过程中、增殖限制以及新生神经元长期存活方面的不同需求。然而，Rb不再被认为是维持成体神经干细胞静止的主要细胞周期调节因子。未来的研究必须将Rb视为更大的调节效应器网络的一部分，包括Rb家族的其他成员p107和p130。这将有助于阐明Rb和其他口袋蛋白在成体神经发生背景下的作用，并确定其在调节神经发生微环境大小和命运方面的关键作用。
