Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Anat Sci Educ. 2017 Jul;10(4):383-391. doi: 10.1002/ase.1682. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing allow for digital files to be turned into a "printed" physical product. For example, complex anatomical models derived from clinical or pre-clinical X-ray computed tomography (CT) data of patients or research specimens can be constructed using various printable materials. Although 3D printing has the potential to advance learning, many academic programs have been slow to adopt its use in the classroom despite increased availability of the equipment and digital databases already established for educational use. Herein, a protocol is reported for the production of enlarged bone core and accurate representation of human sinus passages in a 3D printed format using entirely consumer-grade printers and a combination of free-software platforms. The comparative resolutions of three surface rendering programs were also determined using the sinuses, a human body, and a human wrist data files to compare the abilities of different software available for surface map generation of biomedical data. Data shows that 3D Slicer provided highest compatibility and surface resolution for anatomical 3D printing. Generated surface maps were then 3D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM printing). In conclusion, a methodological approach that explains the production of anatomical models using entirely consumer-grade, fused deposition modeling machines, and a combination of free software platforms is presented in this report. The methods outlined will facilitate the incorporation of 3D printed anatomical models in the classroom. Anat Sci Educ 10: 383-391. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
三维(3D)打印技术的进步使得数字文件可以转化为“打印”的物理产品。例如,源自患者或研究标本的临床或临床前 X 射线计算机断层扫描(CT)数据的复杂解剖模型可以使用各种可打印材料构建。尽管 3D 打印具有促进学习的潜力,但许多学术课程在课堂上采用其使用的速度较慢,尽管已经为教育用途建立了更多的设备和数字数据库。本文报告了一种使用完全消费级打印机和免费软件平台的组合,以 3D 打印格式制作放大的骨芯和准确表示人类窦道的协议。还使用鼻窦、人体和人体手腕数据文件来确定三种表面渲染程序的比较分辨率,以比较可用于生物医学数据表面图生成的不同软件的能力。数据表明,3D Slicer 为解剖 3D 打印提供了最高的兼容性和表面分辨率。然后通过熔融沉积建模(FDM 打印)打印生成的表面图。总之,本报告介绍了一种使用完全消费级熔融沉积建模机器和免费软件平台组合生产解剖模型的方法。概述的方法将有助于在课堂上引入 3D 打印解剖模型。解剖科学教育 10:383-391。©2017 年美国解剖学家协会。
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