Young M A, Knight D R, Vatner S F
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1987 Nov-Dec;30(3):211-34. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(87)90013-2.
The resistance coronary vessels as well as the large coronary arteries are regulated to a major extent by autonomic mechanisms. Neural and pharmacologic activation of alpha-adrenergic pathways can reduce coronary blood flow and the cross-sectional area of large coronary arteries, despite concomitant increases in coronary distending pressure. Activation of either beta 1- or beta 2-adrenergic receptors can induce potent dilation of both coronary resistance vessels and large coronary arteries, whereas blockade of these receptors can elicit profound constriction in the presence of elevated beta-adrenergic tone. The regulation of the coronary circulation by parasympathetic mechanism remains the most controversial, likely because of major species differences. Parasympathetic coronary dilation is uniformly observed in the dog, but in primates, important aspects of parasympathetic-mediated coronary vasoconstriction have also been demonstrated.
阻力性冠状血管以及大冠状动脉在很大程度上受自主神经机制调节。α-肾上腺素能途径的神经和药理激活可减少冠状动脉血流量和大冠状动脉的横截面积，尽管冠状动脉扩张压会随之升高。β1-或β2-肾上腺素能受体的激活均可诱导冠状阻力血管和大冠状动脉的强力扩张，而在β-肾上腺素能张力升高的情况下，阻断这些受体可引起明显的收缩。副交感神经机制对冠状动脉循环的调节仍然是最具争议的，这可能是由于主要的物种差异所致。在犬类中普遍观察到副交感神经介导的冠状动脉扩张，但在灵长类动物中，也已证实了副交感神经介导的冠状动脉收缩的重要方面。
