Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) , 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research (ATMOS), NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research , 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Apr 4;51(7):3871-3879. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05832. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Understanding the role of short-lived climate forcers such as black carbon (BC) at high northern latitudes in climate change is hampered by the scarcity of surface observations in the Russian Arctic. In this study, highly time-resolved Equivalent BC (EBC) measurements during a ship campaign in the White, Barents, and Kara Seas in October 2015 are presented. The measured EBC concentrations are compared with BC concentrations simulated with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model coupled with a recently completed global emission inventory to quantify the origin of the Arctic BC. EBC showed increased values (100-400 ng m) in the Kara Strait, Kara Sea, and Kola Peninsula and an extremely high concentration (1000 ng m) in the White Sea. Assessment of BC origin throughout the expedition showed that gas-flaring emissions from the Yamal-Khanty-Mansiysk and Nenets-Komi regions contributed the most when the ship was close to the Kara Strait, north of 70° N. Near Arkhangelsk (White Sea), biomass burning in mid-latitudes, surface transportation, and residential and commercial combustion from Central and Eastern Europe were found to be important BC sources. The model reproduced observed EBC concentrations efficiently, building credibility in the emission inventory for BC emissions at high northern latitudes.
了解高北纬度地区如黑碳（BC）等短寿命气候强迫物在气候变化中的作用，受到俄罗斯北极地区地表观测稀缺的阻碍。在本研究中，呈现了 2015 年 10 月在白海、巴伦支海和喀拉海进行的船只考察期间，具有高时间分辨率的等效黑碳（EBC）测量结果。将测量的 EBC 浓度与通过拉格朗日粒子扩散模型模拟的 BC 浓度进行了比较，该模型与最近完成的全球排放清单耦合，以量化北极 BC 的来源。EBC 在卡拉海峡、喀拉海和科拉半岛显示出增加的值（100-400ngm），而在白海则显示出极高的浓度（1000ngm）。在整个考察过程中对 BC 来源的评估表明，当船只靠近卡拉海峡，即北纬 70°以北时，来自亚马尔-汉特-曼西自治区和涅涅茨-科米自治区的燃气燃烧排放对 BC 排放的贡献最大。在阿尔汉格尔斯克（白海）附近，从中纬度地区的生物质燃烧、地表运输以及来自中欧和东欧的住宅和商业燃烧被发现是重要的 BC 来源。该模型有效地再现了观测到的 EBC 浓度，提高了高北纬度地区 BC 排放清单的可信度。
