Glatz M, Müllegger R R
Allergiestation, Dermatologische Klinik, Universität und Universitätsspital Zürich, Gloriastr. 31, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
Abteilung für Dermatologie, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Österreich.
Hautarzt. 2017 Apr;68(4):329-339. doi: 10.1007/s00105-017-3952-1.
Serology, the detection of B. burgdorferi-specific IgM and IgG serum antibodies, is the most common laboratory test to diagnose cutaneous manifestations of Lyme disease. In a two-tiered approach, an ELISA is used as a screening test. A positive or equivocal ELISA result needs confirmation by a specific immunoblot. The sensitivity of this approach reaches 80-95%. The diagnosis of erythema migrans is based on its typical clinical appearance. Serology is only indicated in atypical cases. In contrast, serology is mandatory in the diagnostic workup of borrelial lymphocytoma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. A positive serology can persist for many years, even after adequate antibiotic treatment. A positive serology is no indication for antibiotic treatment if typical symptoms of Lyme disease are absent.
血清学检测,即检测伯氏疏螺旋体特异性IgM和IgG血清抗体,是诊断莱姆病皮肤表现最常用的实验室检查。采用两步法,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)用作筛查试验。ELISA结果呈阳性或疑似阳性需要通过特异性免疫印迹法进行确认。这种方法的灵敏度达到80 - 95%。游走性红斑的诊断基于其典型的临床表现。血清学仅适用于非典型病例。相比之下,血清学检测在淋巴细胞瘤型莱姆病和慢性萎缩性肢端皮炎的诊断检查中是必需的。即使经过充分的抗生素治疗,血清学检测呈阳性仍可能持续多年。如果没有莱姆病的典型症状,血清学检测呈阳性并不意味着需要进行抗生素治疗。