Prapagdee Songkrit, Tawinteung Nukoon
Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr;24(10):9460-9467. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8633-1. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
Biochar is the carbonized material produced from biomass and is used in several environmental applications. The biochar characteristics depend on the carbonization conditions and feedstock. The suitability of a given biochar for soil improvement depends on the biochar characteristics, soil properties, and target plants. Biochar has been applied at 1-20% (w/w) in the soil, but currently there is a lack of information on what type and concentration of biochar are most suitable for a specific plant and soil quality. Too much biochar will reduce plant growth because of the high alkalinity of biochar, which will cause long-term soil alkalinity. In contrast, too little biochar might be insufficient to enhance plant productivity. In this study, a suitable concentration of cassava stem (an abundant agricultural waste in Thailand) biochar produced at 350 °C was evaluated for green bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth from germination to seed production in pots over 8 weeks. The soil fertility was increased with increasing biochar concentration. At 5% (w/w) biochar, the soil fertility and plant growth were significantly enhanced, while 10% (w/w) biochar significantly enhanced bean growth and bean pod production. The increased biochar concentration in the soil significantly increased the soil total nitrogen and extractable potassium (K) levels but did not affect the amount of available phosphorous. Biochar at 10% (w/w) significantly induced the accumulation of K in the stems, leaves, nut shells, and roots but not in nut seeds. Moreover, biochar not only increased the K concentration in soil but also increased the plant nutrient use efficiency of K, which is important for plant growth. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
生物炭是由生物质产生的碳化材料，用于多种环境应用中。生物炭的特性取决于碳化条件和原料。特定生物炭对土壤改良的适用性取决于生物炭特性、土壤性质和目标植物。生物炭已以1%-20%（重量/重量）的比例施用于土壤中，但目前缺乏关于何种类型和浓度的生物炭最适合特定植物和土壤质量的信息。由于生物炭的高碱性会导致土壤长期碱化，过多的生物炭会降低植物生长。相反，生物炭过少可能不足以提高植物生产力。在本研究中，评估了在350℃下生产的木薯茎（泰国丰富的农业废弃物）生物炭的合适浓度对绿豆（Vigna radiata L.）在花盆中从发芽到种子生产8周生长的影响。随着生物炭浓度的增加，土壤肥力提高。在生物炭浓度为5%（重量/重量）时，土壤肥力和植物生长显著增强，而10%（重量/重量）的生物炭显著促进了豆类生长和豆荚产量。土壤中生物炭浓度的增加显著提高了土壤总氮和可提取钾（K）水平，但不影响有效磷含量。10%（重量/重量）的生物炭显著诱导了K在茎、叶、坚果壳和根中的积累，但在坚果种子中没有。此外，生物炭不仅增加了土壤中K的浓度，还提高了植物对K的养分利用效率，这对植物生长很重要。图形摘要ᅟ。
