Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX) Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 May 15;586:1254-1262. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.129. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the mechanized chlorpyrifos, copper oxychloride and myclobutanil application in a small peach orchard, on humans (operators, bystanders and residents) and on the productive soil. The mean Potential Dermal Exposure (PDE) of the workers (tractor drivers) was 30.8mL·h±16.4mL·h, with no specific pesticide distribution on the laborers body. Although the Margin of Safety (MOS) factor for the application stage were above 1 (safe condition) for myclobutanil and cooper oxycloride it was below 1 for chlorpyrifos. The mix and load stage remained as the riskier operation. Pesticide found on the orchard soil ranged from 5.5% to 14.8% of the total chlorpyrifos, copper oxychloride and myclobutanil applied. Pesticide drift was experimentally measured, finding values in the range of 2.4% to 11.2% of the total pesticide applied. Using experimental drift values, bystander (for one application), resident (for 20 applications) and earthworm (for one application) risk indicators (RIs) were calculated for the chlorpyrifos plus copper oxychloride and for myclobutanil treatments for different distances to the orchard border. Earthworm RI was correlated with experimental Eisenia andrei ecotoxicological assays (enzymatic activities: cholinesterases, carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases; behavioral: avoidance and bait-lamina tests) with good correlation.
本研究的目的是测量机械化毒死蜱、氧氯化铜和灭多威在小型桃园中的应用对人类（操作人员、旁观者和居民）和生产性土壤的影响。工人（拖拉机驾驶员）的平均潜在皮肤暴露量（PDE）为 30.8 毫升·小时±16.4 毫升·小时，劳动者身上没有特定的农药分布。虽然在应用阶段，灭多威和氧氯化铜的安全系数（MOS）因子大于 1（安全条件），但毒死蜱的 MOS 因子小于 1。混合和装料阶段仍然是风险较高的操作。在果园土壤中发现的农药残留量范围为施用量的 5.5%至 14.8%。氯氧磷、氧氯化铜和灭多威。通过实验测量了农药飘移值，发现其值在总施用量的 2.4%至 11.2%之间。使用实验漂移值，针对不同距离到果园边界，计算了旁观者（一次应用）、居民（二十次应用）和蚯蚓（一次应用）的风险指标（RI），针对氯氧磷加氧氯化铜和灭多威处理。蚯蚓 RI 与蚯蚓的生态毒理学实验（酶活性：胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶；行为：回避和诱饵层测试）相关，相关性良好。
