Pediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain.
Children's University Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr;37(2):630-637. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
In European countries, suboptimal intake has been reported for several micronutrients (as calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, D and folate) in both adulthood and childhood. No studies to date have prospectively compiled nutrient intake from healthy children in different European countries using the same methodology.
To describe the adequacy of micronutrient intake during the first eight years of life in children from 5 European countries.
Prospective observational trial analyzing data from the EU Childhood Obesity Project. Infants were enrolled within the first two months of life and were followed regularly to age 8 years. Dietary intake was collected periodically with 3-day food records. Nutrient intake adequacy was estimated for calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, iodine, folate and vitamins B12, A and D, following the American Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines at group (prevalence of adequacy >80%) and individual (high probability of adequate intake >80% of the children) level; the assessment was based on the Estimated Average Requirements of nutrients of the FAO, WHO and United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) or the IOM if FAO/WHO/UNU data were not available.
Intake data were available for a decreasing number of children, from 904 at 3 months to 396 at 8 years. Iron, iodine, folate and vitamin D were inadequately consumed when assessing adequacy at group level; at individual-level less than 80% of the children showed high probability of adequate intake for iron, iodine, folate and zinc at all ages, and calcium from 12 months onwards.
Accurate dietary intake and adequacy assessment methodology in this prospective cohort of European children found iron, calcium, vitamin D, folate, iodine and zinc to be inadequately consumed in childhood, as described previously by epidemiologic studies. Further studies are needed to elucidate health consequences of these deficiencies. CHOP trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00338689.
在欧洲国家，成年人和儿童的几种微量营养素（如钙、铁、锌、维生素 B12、D 和叶酸）的摄入量都不理想。迄今为止，尚无研究使用相同的方法前瞻性地汇总来自不同欧洲国家的健康儿童的营养素摄入量。
描述 5 个欧洲国家儿童生命最初 8 年微量营养素摄入的充足性。
前瞻性观察性试验，分析欧盟儿童肥胖项目的数据。婴儿在生命的头两个月内入组，并定期随访至 8 岁。定期采用 3 天食物记录法收集饮食摄入数据。根据美国医学研究所 (IOM) 指南，按照组（充足率>80%）和个体（高摄入充足率>80%的儿童）水平评估钙、磷、铁、锌、镁、碘、叶酸和维生素 B12、A 和 D 的摄入充足性；评估基于 FAO/WHO/UNU 的营养素估计平均需求量或 FAO/WHO/UNU 数据不可用时的 IOM。
随着时间的推移，摄入数据的儿童数量逐渐减少，从 3 个月时的 904 人减少到 8 岁时的 396 人。评估组水平的充足性时，铁、碘、叶酸和维生素 D 摄入不足；个体水平上，所有年龄段的儿童中，不到 80%的儿童铁、碘、叶酸和锌的高摄入充足率较低，12 个月后钙的高摄入充足率也较低。
在这项欧洲儿童前瞻性队列研究中，使用准确的饮食摄入和充足性评估方法发现，儿童时期铁、钙、维生素 D、叶酸、碘和锌摄入不足，这与之前的流行病学研究结果一致。需要进一步研究这些不足对健康的影响。CHOP 试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT00338689。
