Fabios Elise, Martínez-González Miguel Ángel, García-Blanco Lorena, de la O Víctor, Santiago Susana, Zazpe Itziar, Martín-Calvo Nerea
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2023 Oct 20;10(10):1711. doi: 10.3390/children10101711.
Suboptimal micronutrient intake in children remains a public health concern around the world. This study examined the relationship between a previously defined dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of micronutrient intake inadequacy in a pediatric cohort of Spanish preschoolers. Children aged 4-5 years old were recruited at their medical center or at school, and information on sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle variables were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Dietary information was obtained from a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the CQI and categorized participants into quartiles according to their scores. We assessed the intakes of 20 micronutrients and evaluated the probability of intake inadequacy by using the estimated average requirement cut-off point. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for potential confounders and account for the intra-cluster correlations between siblings. The adjusted proportions of children with an inadequate intake of ≥three micronutrients were 23%, 12%, 11%, and 9% in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of the CQI, respectively. Children in the highest quartile of the CQI had 0.22-fold lower odds (95% CI 0.10-0.48) of having ≥three inadequate micronutrient intakes than their peers in the lowest quartile. These findings reinforce the relevance of carbohydrate quality in children's diets.
儿童微量营养素摄入不足仍是全球公共卫生关注的问题。本研究调查了先前定义的饮食碳水化合物质量指数（CQI）与西班牙学龄前儿童队列中微量营养素摄入不足风险之间的关系。4至5岁的儿童在其医疗中心或学校招募，通过自行填写的在线问卷收集社会人口学、饮食和生活方式变量的信息。饮食信息来自经过验证的147项半定量食物频率问卷。我们计算了CQI，并根据得分将参与者分为四分位数。我们评估了20种微量营养素的摄入量，并使用估计平均需求量切点评估摄入不足的概率。使用广义估计方程来调整潜在的混杂因素，并考虑兄弟姐妹之间的聚类内相关性。CQI第一、第二、第三和第四四分位数中摄入≥三种微量营养素不足的儿童调整比例分别为23%、12%、11%和9%。CQI最高四分位数的儿童摄入≥三种微量营养素不足的几率比最低四分位数的同龄人低0.22倍（95%CI 0.10-0.48）。这些发现强化了碳水化合物质量在儿童饮食中的相关性。
