Smolle Maria A, Bauernhofer Thomas, Pummer Karl, Calin George A, Pichler Martin
Division of Clinical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 22;18(2):473. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020473.
The importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of various malignancies has been uncovered over the last few years. Their dysregulation often contributes to or is a result of tumour progression. In prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, lncRNAs can promote castration resistance, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastatic spread. Expression patterns of lncRNAs often change during tumour progression; their expression levels may constantly rise (e.g., HOX transcript antisense RNA, HOTAIR), or steadily decrease (e.g., downregulated RNA in cancer, DRAIC). In prostate cancer, lncRNAs likewise have diagnostic (e.g., prostate cancer antigen 3, PCA3), prognostic (e.g., second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1, SChLAP1), and predictive (e.g., metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1, MALAT-1) functions. Considering their dynamic role in prostate cancer, lncRNAs may also serve as therapeutic targets, helping to prevent development of castration resistance, maintain stable disease, and prohibit metastatic spread.
在过去几年中，长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在各种恶性肿瘤发病机制中的重要性已被揭示。它们的失调往往促成肿瘤进展或为肿瘤进展的结果。在男性最常见的恶性肿瘤前列腺癌中，lncRNA可促进去势抵抗、细胞增殖、侵袭和转移扩散。lncRNA的表达模式在肿瘤进展过程中常发生变化；其表达水平可能持续升高（例如，HOX转录本反义RNA，HOTAIR），或稳步下降（例如，癌症中下调的RNA，DRAIC）。在前列腺癌中，lncRNA同样具有诊断（例如，前列腺癌抗原3，PCA3）、预后（例如，与前列腺-1相关联第二染色体位点，SChLAP1）和预测（例如，转移相关的肺腺癌转录本-1，MALAT-1）功能。鉴于lncRNA在前列腺癌中的动态作用，它们也可能成为治疗靶点，有助于预防去势抵抗的发生、维持疾病稳定并阻止转移扩散。
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