Fratini Filippo, Cilia Giovanni, Turchi Barbara, Felicioli Antonio
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale delle Piagge 2, University of Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", Via del Borghetto 80, University of Pisa, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale delle Piagge 2, University of Pisa, Italy.
Toxicon. 2017 May;130:91-103. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
Currently, new antimicrobial molecules extracted or obtained by natural sources, could be a valide alternative to traditional antibiotics. Most of these molecules are represented by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are essential compounds of insect, arachnids and centipedes venom. AMPs, due to their strong effectiveness, low resistance rates and peculiar mode of action, seem to have all the suitable features to be a powerful weapon against several bacteria, especially considering the increasing antibiotic-resistance phenomena. The present literature review focuses on the antibacterial activity of bee, wasp, ant, scorpion, spider and scolopendra crude venom and of their main biological active compounds. After a brief overview of each animal and venom use in folkloristic medicine, this review reports, in a comprehensive table, the results obtained by the most relevant and recent researches carried out on the antibacterial activity of different venom and their AMPs. For each considered study, the table summarizes data concerning minimal inhibitory concentration values, minimal bactericidal concentration values, the methods employed, scientific name and common names and provenience of animal species from which the crude venom and its respective compounds were obtained.
目前，从天然来源提取或获得的新型抗菌分子可能是传统抗生素的有效替代品。这些分子大多以抗菌肽（AMPs）为代表，抗菌肽是昆虫、蛛形纲动物和蜈蚣毒液的重要成分。由于其强大的效力、低耐药率和独特的作用方式，抗菌肽似乎具备了成为对抗多种细菌的有力武器的所有合适特性，尤其是考虑到日益增加的抗生素耐药现象。本综述聚焦于蜜蜂、黄蜂、蚂蚁、蝎子、蜘蛛和蜈蚣的粗毒液及其主要生物活性化合物的抗菌活性。在简要概述每种动物及其毒液在民俗医学中的用途后，本综述以综合表格的形式报告了关于不同毒液及其抗菌肽抗菌活性的最相关和最新研究结果。对于每项纳入研究，表格总结了有关最低抑菌浓度值、最低杀菌浓度值、所采用的方法、动物物种的学名和俗名以及获得粗毒液及其相应化合物的动物物种来源的数据。
