Sheldon Signy, Donahue Julia
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 2017 Jul;45(5):731-744. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0691-6.
Remembering is impacted by several factors of retrieval, including the emotional content of a memory cue. Here we tested how musical retrieval cues that differed on two dimensions of emotion-valence (positive and negative) and arousal (high and low)-impacted the following aspects of autobiographical memory recall: the response time to access a past personal event, the experience of remembering (ratings of memory vividness), the emotional content of a cued memory (ratings of event arousal and valence), and the type of event recalled (ratings of event energy, socialness, and uniqueness). We further explored how cue presentation affected autobiographical memory retrieval by administering cues of similar arousal and valence levels in a blocked fashion to one half of the tested participants, and randomly to the other half. We report three main findings. First, memories were accessed most quickly in response to musical cues that were highly arousing and positive in emotion. Second, we observed a relation between a cue and the elicited memory's emotional valence but not arousal; however, both the cue valence and arousal related to the nature of the recalled event. Specifically, high cue arousal led to lower memory vividness and uniqueness ratings, but cues with both high arousal and positive valence were associated with memories rated as more social and energetic. Finally, cue presentation impacted both how quickly and specifically memories were accessed and how cue valence affected the memory vividness ratings. The implications of these findings for views of how emotion directs the access to memories and the experience of remembering are discussed.
记忆受到多种检索因素的影响，包括记忆线索的情感内容。在此，我们测试了在情感效价（积极和消极）和唤醒度（高和低）两个维度上存在差异的音乐检索线索如何影响自传体记忆回忆的以下方面：回忆过去个人事件的反应时间、记忆体验（记忆生动性评分）、线索记忆的情感内容（事件唤醒度和效价评分）以及回忆事件的类型（事件活力、社交性和独特性评分）。我们进一步探究了线索呈现如何影响自传体记忆检索，方法是对一半受试参与者以分组的方式呈现唤醒度和效价水平相似的线索，而对另一半则随机呈现。我们报告了三个主要发现。第一，对高唤醒度且情感积极的音乐线索，记忆的检索速度最快。第二，我们观察到线索与引发记忆的情感效价之间存在关联，但与唤醒度无关；然而，线索的效价和唤醒度都与回忆事件的性质有关。具体而言，高线索唤醒度导致较低的记忆生动性和独特性评分，但高唤醒度且情感积极的线索与被评为更具社交性和活力的记忆相关。最后，线索呈现既影响记忆检索的速度和特异性，也影响线索效价如何影响记忆生动性评分。我们讨论了这些发现对于情感如何引导记忆检索和记忆体验观点的意义。
